PRINCIPLES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW: TERMINOLOGY

Introduction. In international law the research of the notions “general principles of law”, “basic principles of international law”, “generally recognized (generally binding) principles of international law”, “sectoral principles of international law”, etc., seems to be relevant, due to their fundamental significance. Their content is the subject of many scientific discussions in foreign, as well as in the domestic science.

Materials and methods. The research was conducted based on the analysis of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice, the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969, the Declaration on Principles of International Law, which concern friendly relations and cooperation between states in conformity with the UN Charter 1970, materials of the International Law Commission, the Digest of Justinian and the interpretation of these documents in the doctrine. The research is based on methods such as historical research, formal logic, including analysis, synthesis, and modeling, as well as systematic, comparative and interpretation.

Research results. Based on the results of the analysis, the author notes that due to the absence in international law of an official interpretation of the mentioned principles they are not infrequently perceived in the doctrine as synonyms. In particular, “general principles of law, recognized by the civilized nations”, due to the fact that they are noted as sources of international law in Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, are often perceived as fundamental principles of international law.

Discussion and conclusions. The article substantiates the conclusion that the notions “general principles of law”, “basic principles of international law”, “generally recognized (generally binding) principles of international law”, “sectoral principles of international law” have actually different content, despite the fact that they are perceived (by ear) as notions that are very close to each other in meaning or even identical by definition. At the same time, in particular, “general principles of law” constitute not fundamental principles of international law, but the rules of juridical logic and juridical technique that are used in international law in defining and using legal norms, as well as in national legal systems.

1. Abashidze A. Kh. Printsipy mezhdunarodnogo prava: problemy ponyatiino-soderzhatel’nogo kharaktera [Principles of International Law: Conceptual and Substantive Problems]. – Moscow Journal of International Law.2017. No. 4. P. 19–29. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2017-4-19-30

2. Bartoš M. Transformation des principes généraux en règles positives du droit international. – Mélanges Offerts à Juraj Andrassy.Dordrecht: Springer. 1956. P. 1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8184-3_1

3. Bobrov R.L. Osnovnye problemy teorii mezhdunarodnogo prava[Fundamental Problems of the Theory of International Law]. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya Publ. 1968. 272 p. (In Russ.)

4. Durdenevskii V.N. Pyat’ printsipov [Five Principles]. – Mezhdunarodnaya zhizn’.1956. No. 3. P. 45–53. (In Russ.)

5. Galenskaya L.N. Kategoriya printsipov kak pravovykh regulyatorov mezhdunarodnykh otnoshenii [The Category of Principles as the Regulators of International Relations]. – Mezhdunarodnoe pravo: vchera, segodnya, zavtra[International Law: past, present and future]. Saint-Petersburg.: SKF “Rossiya-Neva” Publ. 2011. P. 58–79. (In Russ.)

6. Ihering R. Yuridicheskaya tekhnika[Legal Writing]. Moscow: Statut Publ. 2008. 231 p. (In Russ.)

7. Istoriya XIX veka (1815-1847 gg.). T. 3: Vremya reaktsii i konstitutsionnoi monarkhii. Ch. 1.Pod. red. E. Laviss, A.N. Rambo, E.V. Tarle. 2-e izd. [History of the 19th Century (1815–1847). Vol. 3: The Period of Reaction and Constitutional Monarchy. Part 1. Ed. by E. Laviss, A.N. Rambo, E.V. Tarle. 2 nd ed.]. Moscow: OGIZ Publ. 1938. 651 p. (In Russ.)

8. Jiménez de Aréchaga E. El Derecho internacional contemporáneo(Russ. ed.: Jiménez de Aréchaga E. Sovremennoe mezhdunarodnoe pravo.Moscow: Progress Publ. 1983. 480 p.).

9. Kashanina T.V. Yuridicheskaya tekhnika.2-e izd. [Legal Writing. 2nd ed.]. Moscow: Norma Publ.; Infra-M Publ. 2011. 495 p. (In Russ.)

10. Kelsen H. Principles of International Law.New York: Rinehart & Company, Inc. 1952.461 p.

11. Kolb R. The Formal Source of jus cogens in Public International Law. – Zeitschrift für öffentliches Recht.1998. Vol. 53. P. 69–105.

12. Koretskii V.M. “Obshchie printsipy prava” v mezhdunarodnom prave [“General Principles of Law” in the International Law]. Kiev: Izd-vo AN USSR Publ. 1957. 52 p. (In Russ.)

13. Krasnov Yu.K., Nadvikova V.V., Shkatulla V.I. Yuridicheskaya tekhnika[Legal Writing]. Moscow: Yustitsinform Publ. 2014. 536 p. (In Russ.)

14. Kurs mezhdunarodnogo prava v 7 tomakh. T. 1: Ponyatie, predmet i sistema mezhdunarodnogo prava.Otv. red. R.A. Myullerson, G.I. Tunkin [The Course of International Law in 7 volumes. Vol. 1: The Concept, Subject and System of International Law. Ed. by R.A. Myullerson, G.I. Tunkin]. Moscow: Nauka Publ. 1989. 360 p. (In Russ.)

15. Levin D.B. Osnovnye problemy sovremennogo mezhdunarodnogo prava[Fundamental Problems of Modern International Law]. Moscow: Gosyurizdat Publ. 1958. 275 p. (In Russ.)

16. Lukashuk I.I. Sovremennoe pravo mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov: V 2 t. T. 1: Zaklyuchenie mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov[Contemporary Law of Treaties: In 2 vols. Vol. 1: Conclusion of Treaties]. Moscow: Wolters Kluwer Publ. 2000. 672 p. (In Russ.)

17. Lukin P.I. Istochniki mezhdunarodnogo prava[Sources of International Law]. Moscow: Izd-vo AN SSSR Publ. 1960. 144 p. (In Russ.)

18. Maleev Yu.N. Neizvestnye, no obshchepriznannye [Unknown But Generally Recognized]. – Mezhdunarodnoe pravo.2005. No. 1 (21). P. 5–20.

19. Mezhdunarodnoe publichnoe pravo: kurs lektsii.Otv. red. G.I. Kurdyukov [International Public Law: a course of lectures. Ed. by G.I. Kurdyukov]. Kazan’: TsIT Publ. 2004. 269 p. (In Russ.)

20. Najm M.-J. Principes directeurs du droit international privé et conflit de civilizations. Relations entre systèmes laïques et systèmes religieux.Dalloz: Nouvelle Bibliothèque de Thèses. 2005. 705 p.

21. Rabtsevich O.I. Problema “obshchikh printsipov prava” v mezhdunarodnom prave [The Problem of “Common Principles of Law” in the International Law]. – Pravo i politika.2007. No. 11. P. 80–85. (In Russ.)

22. Razd’’yakonova E.V. Osnovy normotvorchestva: kurs lektsii[The Basics of Rule-Making: a course of lectures]. Novosibirsk: Izd-vo SibAGS Publ. 2016. 246 p. (In Russ.)

23. Sinyakin I.I., Skuratova A.Yu. Normy jus cogens:istoricheskii aspekt i sovremennoe znachenie dlya mezhdunarodnogo prava [Jus Cogens: The Historical Aspect and Contemporary Value for International Law]. – Perm University Herald. Juridical Sciences.2018. Issue 41. P. 526–545. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17072/1995-4190-2018-41-526-545

24. Talalaev A.N. 1959. Ob osnovnykh printsipakh mezhdunarodnogo prava [On General Principles of International Law]. – Sovetskii ezhegodnik mezhdunarodnogo prava, 1958[Soviet Yearbook of International Law, 1958]. Moscow: Izd-vo AN SSSR Publ. 1959. P. 513–515. (In Russ.)

25. Tiunov O.I. Ob osobennostyakh obshchepriznannykh printsipov i norm mezhdunarodnogo prava [The Specific Features of Generally Recognized Principles and Norms of International Law]. – Mezhdunarodnoe pravo XXI veka (k 80-letiyu professora I.I. Lukashuka)[International Law of the 21 st Century (to the 85 th anniversary of prof. I.I. Lukashuk)]. Kiev. 2006. P. 146–147. (In Russ.)

26. Tunkin G.I. Teoriya mezhdunarodnogo prava[Theory of International Law]. Moscow: Zertsalo Publ. 2000. 416 p. (In Russ.)

27. Ushakov A.A. O ponyatii yuridicheskoi tekhniki i ee osnovnykh problemakh [The Concept of Legal Writing and its Main Problems]. – Uchenye zapiski Permskogo universiteta.1961. Vol. 19. Issue. 5. P. 73–85. (In Russ.)

28. Verdross A. Völkerrecht (Russ. ed.: Verdross A. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo.Moscow: Inostrannaya literatura Publ. 1959. 652 p.).

29. Vylegzhanin A.N., Kalamkarian P.A. Znachenie mezhdunarodnogo obychaia v sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave [The Role of International Custom in the Contemporary International Law]. - Moscow Journal of International Law. 2012. № 2 (86). P. 5-29 (in Russ.)

30. Zemskova P.E. Obshchie printsipy prava, priznannye tsivilizovannymi natsiyami, v rossiiskoi i zarubezhnoi nauchnoi literature [General Legal Principles, Recognized by Civilized Nations, in Russian and International Scientific Literature]. – Vestnik RGGU. Seriya: Ekonomika. Upravlenie. Pravo.2008. No. 5. P. 72–80. (In Russ.)