Some Currenct Issues of International Legal Support for Maritime Security

INTRODUCTION. In this article, the authors consider the main problems affecting maritime security at the current stage of development of international law. The authors include among such problems the lack of a universal legal framework regulating the operation of autonomous sea vessels, maritime terrorism, regulation of the sulfur content in marine fuel, the need for global regulation of economic activity in the Arctic region.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. When writing the article, international legal acts, national legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as studies of Russian and foreign authors were used. The methodological basis of the study was formed by general scientific (method of logical and system analysis, dialectical method) and specific scientific (historical and legal, comparative legal) methods of cognition.

RESEARCH RESULTS. Based on the study of international legal acts, national legislation of the Russian Federation, modern studies of Russian and foreign authors, the authors make conclusions and proposals on issues of ensuring maritime security in modern conditions.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The authors conclude that in light of the development of modern unmanned navigation technologies, it is necessary to develop global legal acts at the international level. The article examines the main types of autonomous sea vessels, identifies problems that hinder the effective operation of these vessels and suggests options for solving them. It is noted that it is necessary to work out issues related to compensation for damage caused by a sea vessel controlled by artificial intelligence systems within the framework of universal international acts. It is noted that it is important to develop uniform global rules for the operation of artificial intelligence systems on sea vessels. It is also noted that international cooperation is important in countering maritime terrorism. The authors draw attention to the common features between piracy and maritime terrorism, but point out different goals in carrying out this illegal activity. Moreover, it is often difficult to separate these concepts, which creates difficulties in the application of international legal norms. The authors point out that effective counteraction to maritime terrorism is possible only at the international level within the framework of effective interstate cooperation. Considering certain aspects of ensuring regional security in the Arctic region, the authors conclude that it is necessary to develop uniform international rules for the economic development of this region. The important role of the Arctic Council in ensuring sustainable socioeconomic development of this region is noted. The main international declarations adopted within the framework of this organization and their importance for the development of this region are considered. The restrictions on the sulfur content in marine fuel and the role of these restrictions in reducing emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere are considered. Various options for shipowners to comply with these restrictions are proposed. The importance of using other types of fuel, including liquefied natural gas or, in the future, hydrogen fuel, is noted. The importance of international regulation in this area is noted.

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