<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2020-4-106-118</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-383</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ МОРСКОЕ ПРАВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LAW OF THE SEA</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение принудительных мер правоохранительного характера на море: вопросы юрисдикции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>General issues of the exercise of jurisdiction in the process of application of law enforcement measures at sea</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7789-9323</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глазова</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glazova</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Петровна Глазова, аспирантка</p><p>101000, Москва, Мясницкая ул., д. 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia P. Glazova, PhD Student</p><p>20, Myasnitskaya Ulitsa, Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">angla.1892@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>106</fpage><lpage>118</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Глазова А.П., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Глазова А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Glazova A.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/383">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/383</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. В настоящее время государства могут применять на море комплекс принудительных мер правоохранительного характера1 с целью противодействия таким противоправным явлениям, как пиратство, работорговля, незаконный оборот наркотиков, незаконная перевозка мигрантов и т.д. Однако в ходе реализации данных мер камнем преткновения становится осуществление юрисдикций государствами в пределах различных морских пространств. Государству, пытающемуся реализовать правоохранительную функцию на море, нельзя игнорировать тот факт, что возможность создавать нормы права и обеспечивать их реальное исполнение зависит не только от его воли, но и от ограничений, накладываемых международным правом. Поэтому сохранение баланса между разграничением морских районов и необходимостью осуществлять правоохранительную функцию закономерно влечет за собой потребность определить сущность и содержание понятия «юрисдикция государства» в пределах различных морских пространств, а также выявить специфические черты данной правовой категории. Настоящая статья посвящена рассмотрению соответствующих вопросов.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В ходе исследования автор использует исторический, догматический, сравнительно-правовой методы, а также метод анализа и синтеза. Основное внимание сфокусировано на нормах международного договорного и обычного права, а также национального права, регулирующих вопросы, связанные с применением принудительных мер правоохранительного характера на море. Помимо этого исследованы доктринальные работы по теме – как отечественных, так и зарубежных юристов-международников.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Автор приходит к выводу, что территориальная юрисдикция в пределах морской территории не является абсолютной. Определение юрисдикции как экстратерриториальной не является достаточным, поскольку в случае возникновения конфликта юрисдикций требуются дополнительные правовые критерии для его разрешения. Классификация экстратерриториальной юрисдикции в зависимости от принципов, на которых она основывается, также не решает проблему, поскольку некоторые принципы, такие как защитный или универсальный, в свою очередь, требуют дополнительных критериев, чтобы стать действенным инстру- ментом для преодоления правовой неопределенности. Автор отмечает, что право на территориальную юрисдикцию в пределах морских пространств, как правило, обуславливает возможность осуществлять законодательную и исполнительную юрисдикции, которые также не носят абсолютного характера. Осуществление экстратерриториальной законодательной или исполнительной юрисдикции на море потенциально допустимо лишь на основе норм международного права, для решения какой-либо конкретной задачи, к примеру, правоохранительной.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ. Основная проблема заключается в том, что предложенные международно-правовой наукой разновидности юрисдикций лишь дополняют друг друга, не объясняя, почему выбор того или иного образа действий должен стать предпочтительным в случае коллизии. Сложившаяся неопределенность оказывает значительное влияние на институт принудительных мер правоохранительного характера на море. В отсутствие стандартов их осуществления, которые могли бы сбалансировать данный механизм, правоприменитель вынужден учитывать ряд факторов при принятии решения об осуществлении принудительных мер правоохранительного характера в пределах морских пространств.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Currently, states can apply a whole range of law enforcement measures at sea in order to prevent such unlawful phenomena as piracy, slave trade, drug trafficking, migrant smuggling, etc. However, the problem of the exercise of jurisdiction by states within various maritime areas is the main sticking point during the implementation of these measures. In an attempt to exercise the law enforcement function at sea, the state can't ignore the fact that its ability to create legal norms and ensure their effective implementation depends not only on its will as a sovereign, but also on the restrictions imposed by international law. Therefore, maintaining a balance between limiting the “territorialization” of maritime areas and the need to carry out a law enforcement function logically entails the need to determine the nature and content of the concept of “jurisdiction of the state” within different maritime areas, as well as to identify specific features of this legal category. The present article focuses on this and other related issues.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. Historical and comparative analysis along with dogmatic research approach were used in the research process and the entire research is well grounded in focusing on the norms of international treaty law and customary law. In addition to that this research focuses on the norms of national law governing issues related to the application of law enforcement measurement at the sea. Apart from those given material and methodical inputs, the doctrinal works of the relevant jurists have been used in this research.</p></sec><sec><title>RESEARCH RELULTS</title><p>RESEARCH RELULTS. The author comes to an alternative conclusion that territorial jurisdiction within the maritime territory is not absolute, which is due, apparently, the principle of freedom of the high seas which have a longer support by the international community. The definition of jurisdiction as extraterritorial is not self-sufficient, since in case of conflict of jurisdictions, additional legal criteria are required to resolve such a conflict. The classification of extraterritorial jurisdiction depending on the principles on which it is based also does not solve the problem, since some principles, such as protective or universal, in turn, require additional criteria in order to become a self-sufficient tool to overcome legal uncertainty. The author notes that the ability to exercise territorial jurisdiction within maritime areas, as a rule, determines the ability to exercise legislative and executive jurisdiction, which are also not absolute. The exercise of extraterritorial legislative or executive jurisdiction at sea is potentially permissible only on the basis of international law to solve a specific function, for example, law enforcement.</p><p>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION. The main problem of the varieties of jurisdiction proposed by in- ternational legal science is that each of them only supplements each other, describing a possible choice, but not explaining why a particular choice should be preferred in case of conflict. It is obvious that current uncertainty has created some severe impacts upon the institution of law enforcement measures at sea as a result of the absence of standards for enforcement measures that could make a balance to the mechanism. Hence the law enforcer has to be cautious with a number of factors in deciding the implementation of law enforcement measures within the sea.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>принудительные меры правоохранительного характера</kwd><kwd>морские пространства</kwd><kwd>суверенитет государства</kwd><kwd>территориальная юрисдикция</kwd><kwd>экстратерриториальная юрисдикция</kwd><kwd>законодательная юрисдикция</kwd><kwd>исполнительная юрисдикция</kwd><kwd>суверенные права</kwd><kwd>суверенитет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>law enforcement measures</kwd><kwd>maritime areas</kwd><kwd>territorial jurisdiction</kwd><kwd>extraterritorial jurisdiction</kwd><kwd>legislative jurisdiction</kwd><kwd>executive jurisdiction</kwd><kwd>state’s sovereignty</kwd><kwd>sovereign rights</kwd><kwd>sovereignty</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агарков С.А., Перегородова О.В. 2017. Проблемы формирования среды обитания рыбного хозяйства. – Вестник мурманского государственного технического университета. № 3 (том 20). C. 636–642.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agarkov S.A., Peregorodova O.V. Problemy formirovaniya sredy obitaniya rybnogo khozyaistva [Problems of formation a living environment for fish farm]. – Bulletin of the Murmansk State Technical University. 2017. No. 3 (Vol. 20) P. 636–642 (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабурина О.Н., Грасс Е.Ю. 2013. Современное состояние и проблемы морского транспорта России. – Проблемы. Поиск. Решения. № 16 (205). C. 52–57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allott P.J. Power-sharing in the Law of the Sea. – American Journal of International Law. 1983. Vol. 77. Issue 1. P. 1–30. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Задорожный Г.П. 1987. Территория и международное право. – Международное право. Отв. ред. Ф.И. Кожевников. М.: Международные отношения. С. 156–176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baburina O.N., Grass E. Ju. Sovremennoe sostoyanie i problemy morskogo transporta Rossii [The current state and problems of maritime transport in Russia]. – Problems. Search. Solutions. 2013. No. 16 (205). P. 52–57. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каюмова А.Р. 2008. Суверенитет и юрисдикция государства: проблемы соотношения. – Конституционное и муниципальное право. № 9. С. 12–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blakesley C.L. United States Jurisdiction Over Extraterritorial Crime. – The Journal of Criminal Law &amp; Criminology. 1982. Vol. 73. Issue 3. P. 1109–1163.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куткович Т.М. 2016. Удобный флаг в мировом судоходстве: причины перехода и пути возврата под национальный. – Актуальные проблемы науки и практики современного общества. № 3. C. 19–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernichenko S.V. 1992. Sub"ektivnye granitsy mezhdunarodnogo prava, suverenitet i yurisdiktsiya gosudarstv [Subjective boundaries of international law, sovereignty and jurisdiction of states]. – The Soviet Yearbook of International Law. 1989-90-91. Sovetskaja Associacija mezhdunarodnogo prava. – M.: Social'no-kommercheskaja firma «Rossija-Neva» Publ. P. 19–37. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Осветимская И.И. 2017. Государственный суверенитет: содержание и преобразование в условиях глобализации. – Известия ВУЗов. Правоведение. №2 (331). C. 150–166.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fink M. Maritime Interception and the Law of Naval Operations. The Hague, The Netherland: T.M.C. Asser Press. 2018. 317 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ромашев Ю. С., Фетищев Д. В. 2009. Юрисдикция государств в правоохранительной сфере. М.: Научная книга. 47 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fitzmaurice G. Some Results of the Geneva Conference on the Law of the Sea. Part I. The Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone and Related Topics. – The International and Comparative Law Quarterly. 1959. Vol. 8. Issue 1. P. 73–121.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ромашев Ю.С. 2010. Международное правоохранительное право. М.: Норма : Инфра-М. 367 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garrod M. The Emergence of “Universal Jurisdiction” in Response to Somali Piracy: An Empirically Informed Critique of International Law’s “Paradigmatic” Universal Jurisdiction Crime. – Chinese Journal of International Law. 2019. Vol. 18. Issue 3. P. 551–643.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ромашев Ю.С. 2013. Борьба с пиратством и вооруженным разбоем на море (правовые основы и практика). М.: ТрансЛит. 336 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gavouneli M. Functional Jurisdiction in the Law of the Sea. Leiden, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 2007. 286 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ромашев Ю.С. 2015. Особенности установления и осуществления государствами своей юрисдикции в правоохранительной сфере. – Государство и право. № 5. С. 82–91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Higgins R. Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1994. 304 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черниченко С.В. 1992. Субъективные границы международного права, суверенитет и юрисдикция государств. – Советский ежегодник международного права. 1989-90-91. Советская Ассоциация международного права. М.: Социально-коммерческая фирма «Россия-Нева». С. 19–37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ireland-Piper D. Extraterritorial Criminal Jurisdiction: Does the Long Arm of the Law Undermine the Rule of Law. – Melbourne Journal of International Law. 2012. Vol. 13. Issue 1. P. 1–36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allott P.J. 1983. Power-sharing in the Law of the Sea. – American Journal of International Law. Vol. 77. Issue 1. P. 1–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kayumova A.R. Suverenitet i yurisdiktsiya gosudarstva: problemy sootnosheniya [State sovereignty and jurisdiction: problems of the correlation]. – Constitutional and municipal law. 2008. No. 9. Р. 12–15. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blakesley C.L. 1982. United States Jurisdiction Over Extra-territorial Crime. – The Journal of Criminal Law &amp; Criminology. Vol. 73. Issue 3. P. 1109–1163.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaye S. Freedom of Navigation in a Post 9/11 World: Security and Creeping Jurisdiction. – The Law of the Sea: Progress and Prospects. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2006. 465 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fink M. 2018. Maritime Interception and the Law of Naval Operations. The Hague, The Netherland: T.M.C. Asser Press. 317 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kutkovich T.M. Udobnyi flag v mirovom sudokhodstve: prichiny perekhoda i puti vozvrata pod natsional'nyi [Flag of convenience in world shipping: the reasons for the transition and the return path under the national]. – Aktual'nye problemy nauki i praktiki sovremennogo obsh- chestva. 2016. No. 3. P. 19–24. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fitzmaurice G. 1959. Some Results of the Geneva Conference on the Law of the Sea. Part I. The Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone and Related Topics. – The International and Comparative Law Quarterly. Vol. 8. Issue 1. P. 73–121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maier H.G. Jurisdictional Rules in Customary International Law – Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in Theory and Practice. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. 1996. 262 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garrod M. 2019. The Emergence of “Universal Jurisdiction” in Response to Somali Piracy: An Empirically Informed Critique of International Law’s “Paradigmatic” Universal Jurisdiction Crime. – Chinese Journal of International Law. Vol. 18. Issue 3. P. 551–643.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Connell D.P. The International Law of the Sea: Volume I. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1982. 634 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gavouneli M. 2007. Functional Jurisdiction in the Law of the Sea. Leiden, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 286 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Connell D.P. The International Law of the Sea: Volume II. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1984. 1202 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Higgins R. 1994. Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 304 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Connell M. E. The Power and Purpose of International Law: Insights from the Theory and Practice of Enforcement. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2008. 408 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ireland-Piper D. 2012. Extraterritorial Criminal Jurisdiction: Does the Long Arm of the Law Undermine the Rule of Law. – Melbourne Journal of International Law. Vol. 13. Issue 1. P. 1–36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osvetimskaya I.I. Gosudarstvennyi suverenitet: soderzhanie i preobrazovanie v usloviyakh globalizatsii [State sovereignty: content and transformation in the context of globalization]. – Izvestiya VUZov. Pravovedenie. 2017. No. 2 (331). P. 150–166. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaye S. 2006. Freedom of Navigation in a Post 9/11 World: Security and Creeping Jurisdiction. – The Law of the Sea: Progress and Prospects. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 465 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romashev Yu. S., Fetishchev D. V. Yurisdiktsiya gosudarstv v pravookhranitel'noi sfere [Jurisdiction of states in law enforcement area]. M.: Nauchnaya kniga Publ. 2009. 47 p. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maier H.G. 1996. Jurisdictional Rules in Customary International Law. – Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in Theory and Practice. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. 262 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romashev Yu. S. Bor'ba s piratstvom i vooruzhennym razboem na more (pravovye osnovy i praktika) [Combating piracy and armed robbery at sea (legal basis and practice)]. M.: TransLit Publ. 2013. 336 p. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Connell D.P. 1982. The International Law of the Sea: Volume I. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 634 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romashev Yu.S. Mezhdunarodnoe pravookhranitel'noe pravo [International law enforcement]. M.: Norma: Infra-M Publ. 2010. 367 р. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Connell D.P. 1984. The International Law of the Sea: Volume II. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1202 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romashev Yu .S. Osobennosti ustanovleniya i osushchestvleniya gosudarstvami svoei yurisdiktsii v pravookhranitel'noi sfere. [Features of the assertion and implementation by states of their jurisdiction in the law enforcement sphere]. – State and law. 2015. No. 5. Р. 82-91. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Connell M. E. 2008. The Power and Purpose of International Law: Insights from the Theory and Practice of Enforcement. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 408 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryngaert C. Jurisdiction in International Law. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 2008. 272 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ryngaert C. 2008. Jurisdiction in International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 272 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shearer I. The Limits of Maritime Jurisdiction. – The Limits of Maritime Jurisdiction. Leiden, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 2014. 794 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shearer I. 2014. The Limits of Maritime Jurisdiction. – The Limits of Maritime Jurisdiction. Leiden, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 794 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szigeti P. D. In the Middle of Nowhere: The Futile Quest to Distinguish Territoriality from Extraterritoriality – The Extraterritoriality of Law: History, Theory, Politics. (Margolies et all. (eds.)). London: Routledge. 2019. 243 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szigeti P. D. 2019. In the Middle of Nowhere: The Futile Quest to Distinguish Territoriality from Extraterritoriality, in Margolies et all. (eds.) The Extraterritoriality of Law: History, Theory, Politics. London: Routledge. 243 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vylegzhanin A.N., Anyanova E.S. International Law Versus Piracy: Issues in Legal Theory. – International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. 2020. Vol. 24. Issue 01. P. 6–25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vylegzhanin A.N., Anyanova E.S. 2020. International Law Versus Piracy: Issues in Legal Theory. – International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. Vol. 24. Issue 01. P. 6–25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vylegzhanin A.N., Potier T., Torkunova E.A. Towards Cementing International Law through Renaissance of the United Nations Charter. – Moscow Journal of International Law. 2020. No. 1. P. 6–25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vylegzhanin A.N., Potier T., Torkunova E.A. 2020. Towards Cementing International Law through Renaissance of the United Nations Charter. – Moscow Journal of International Law. № 1. P. 6–25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watson G.R. Offenders Abroad: The Case for Nationality-Based Criminal Jurisdiction. – Yale Journal of International Law. 1997. Vol. 17. Issue 41. P. 41-84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watson G.R. 1993. The Passive Personality Principle. – Texas International Law Journal. Vol. 28. Issue 1. P. 1–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watson G.R. The Passive Personality Principle. – Texas International Law Journal. 1993. Vol. 28. Issue 1. P. 1–ч46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watson G.R. 1997. Offenders Abroad: The Case for Nationality-Based Criminal Jurisdiction. – Yale Journal of International Law. Vol. 17. Issue 41. P.41–84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zadorozhnyi G.P. Territoriya i mezhdunarodnoe parvo [Territory and International Law]. – Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. Otv. red. F.I. Kozhevnikov. [International Law. Ed.-in-chief Kozhevnikov F.I.] M.: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya Publ. 1987. P. 156–176</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
