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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2020-4-95-105</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-382</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОНСУЛЬСКОЕ ПРАВО</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Об иерархии нормативных правовых актов в правовой системе: опыт консульской работы за рубежом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the hierarchy of normative legal acts in the legal system: experience of consular work abroad</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3050-3237</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любимов</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyubimov</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Павлович Любимов, доктор юридических наук, профессор, заместитель главного ученого секретаря Президиума РАН</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинский пр-т, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey P. Lyubimov, Doctor of Juridical Sciences, Professor, Deputy Head Academic Secretary of Presidium</p><p>14, Leninskiy av., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aplyubimov@presidium.ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9660-5914</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орешенков</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oreshenkov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Михайлович Орешенков, кандидат юридических наук, советник в отставке</p><p>125430, Москва, ул. Митинсая, д. 44, кв. 439</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander M. Oreshenkov, Cand. Sci. (Law), Retired Adviser</p><p>44-439, Mitinskaja str., Moscow, 125430</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oream@mail.ru</email></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ Российская академия наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBEI Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Любимов А.П., Орешенков А.М., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Любимов А.П., Орешенков А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lyubimov A.P., Oreshenkov A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/382">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/382</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. В статье анализируются актуальные проблемы деятельности консульской службы. В практической работе должностных лиц консульской загранслужбы Российской Федерации периодически возникают ситуации, в рамках которых необходимо принимать решения с учетом иерархии нормативно-правовых актов и норм международного права, которые являются составной частью правовой системы России. Ситуация осложняется отсутствием нормативного документа, который четко и однозначно регламентировал бы иерархию входящих в ее состав правовых актов. Данная статья, основанная на опыте работы авторов за рубежом, представляет собой емкое исследование для принятия возможных решений в рамках рассматриваемой проблематики по тем нестандартным вопросам, с которыми периодически сталкиваются сотрудники консульских учреждений.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Настоящая статья основывается на анализе положений статьи 15 Конституции России (с учетом изменений, внесенных недавно в Конституцию), постановлений Конституционного и Верховного судов России, федеральных законов, в частности, Гражданского кодекса РФ и Федерального закона «О международных договорах Российской Федерации», а также на сравнении правовых систем России, США и Норвегии в вопросе о примате национального или международного права с использованием в качестве примеров реальных ситуаций, возникавших во время работы одного из авторов в консульской службе МИД России. В качестве метода исследования использован общенаучный метод познания.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Статья подводит к выводу о том, что в вопросе о примате национального или международного права в национальной правовой системе того или иного государства его законодательство предоставляет высшим государственным органам разную степень свободы в возможности гибкого подхода к выполнению международно-правовых обязательств в рамках общепризнанного принципа международного права: «рacta sunt servanda» – «договоры должны соблюдаться». Кроме того, в рамках российского национального права существуют установленные в правовом порядке возможности исполнять нормы подзаконных нормативных актов при наличии закона, по-иному регулирующего однотипные отношения.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ. В статье приводится нормативная база, которой могут воспользоваться загранучреждения и МИД России в случае нарушения властями страны пребывания норм двусторонних и многосторонних договоров, участниками которых являются Россия и соответствующая страна. В качестве вывода выражается мнение о необходимости четкого понимания иерархии нормативных актов в российской правовой системе для ее грамотного применения должностными лицами российских загранучреждений при решении вопросов в области национального законодательства, а также использования этими лицами норм международного права при защите прав и интересов Российской Федерации, ее юридических и физических лиц.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. The article analyzes the current problems of the consular service. In the practical work of officials of the consular service of the Russian Federation, periodically arise situations in which it is necessary to make decisions taking into account the hierarchy of national legal acts and norms of international law, which are an integral part of the legal system of Russia. The situation complicated by the lack of a normative document that clearly and unambiguously regulates the hierarchy of legal acts that make up this system. The present article, based on the experience of the authors' work abroad, is a comprehensive study for making possible decisions within the framework of the issue under consideration on those non-standard issues that periodically are faced by employees of consular offices.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. This article is based on the analysis of the provisions of article 15 of the Russian Constitution (taking into account the recently introduced amendments to the Constitution), on the decisions of the Constitutional and Supreme courts of Russia, laws of the Russian Federation, in particular, of the Civil code of the Russian Federation and the Federal law «On international treaties of the Russian Federation», and also in comparison of the legal systems of Russia, USA and Norway in the question of the primacy of national or international law, as well on real situations that occurred during one of the author's work in the consular service of the Russian MFA. The research method is based on the General scientific method of cognition.</p></sec><sec><title>RESEARCH RESULTS</title><p>RESEARCH RESULTS. The article leads to the conclusion that in the question of the primacy of national or international law in the domestic legal system of a state gives its legislation different degrees of freedom to the Supreme state bodies in a flexible approach to the implementation of international legal obligations within the framework of the generally recognized principle of international law «pacta sunt servanda» – «treaties must be observed». Besides, within the framework of Russian national law, there are legally established opportunities to implement the norms of subordinate normative acts in the presence of a law that regulates the same type of relations in a different way.</p><p>DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS. The article provides a regulatory framework that can be used by Russian foreign offices and the MFA in case of violation by the authorities of the host country of the norms of bilateral and multilateral treaties to which Russia and the country concerned are parties. As a conclusion, it is suggested that a clear understanding of the hierarchy of normative acts in the Russian legal system is necessary for its competent application by officials of Russian foreign offices in solving issues in the field of national legislation, as well as the use of international law by these persons in protecting the rights and interests of the Russian Federation, its legal entities and individuals.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иерархия нормативных актов</kwd><kwd>правовая система государства</kwd><kwd>национальное законодательство</kwd><kwd>международное право</kwd><kwd>место норм международного права в правовой системе государства</kwd><kwd>поправки к Конституции Российской Федерации</kwd><kwd>делегирование полномочий</kwd><kwd>соотношение конституции и норм международного права</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>Норвегия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Hierarchy of normative acts</kwd><kwd>legal system of the state</kwd><kwd>national legislation</kwd><kwd>international law</kwd><kwd>place of international law in the legal system of the state</kwd><kwd>amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation</kwd><kwd>delegation of powers</kwd><kwd>correlation of the Constitution and international law</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>Norway</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andenæs Johs. 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