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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2020-1-54-65</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-347</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАВА ЧЕЛОВЕКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HUMAN RIGHTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Международная защита прав человека и деятельность транснациональных корпораций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Protection of Human Rights and the Activity of Transnational Corporations.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-7047</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синявский</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinyavskiy</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Алексеевич Синявский, ассистент кафедры международного и европейского права</p><p>Кремлевская ул., д. 18, Казань, 420008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Sinyavskiy, Teaching Assistant at the Department of International and European Law</p><p>18, ul. Kremlevskaya, Kazan, Russian Federation, 420008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex.sinyavskiy95@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Синявский А.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Синявский А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sinyavskiy A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/347">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/347</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Настоящее исследование посвящено анализу средств правовой защиты, доступных жертвам, пострадавшим от предпринимательской деятельности транснациональных корпораций. Целью исследования является оценка эффективности доступных средств правовой защиты от неблагоприятного воздействия предпринимательской деятельности транснациональных корпораций на права человека. Для достижения цели необходимо выполнить следующие задачи: рассмотреть обязательства транснациональных корпораций в современном международном праве, роль государств в защите прав человека от деятельности транснациональных корпораций, изучить содержание права на эффективное средство правовой защиты, а также охарактеризовать существующие средства правовой защиты в современном международном праве.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. При написании работы были проанализированы последние теоретические исследования передовых западных ученых, нормативные документы, рекомендации и отчеты договорных органов ООН по правам человека, международные договоры в области прав человека и обширная судебная практика ЕСПЧ. В ходе исследования применялся сравнительно-правовой и формально-логический метод.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. В последние годы значение мягкого права в области международного бизнеса и прав человека все больше усиливается. Руководящие принципы предпринимательской деятельности в аспекте прав человека стали основой для проекта юридически обязательного договора, устанавливающего международно-правовую ответственность транснациональных корпораций и других коммерческих предприятий. Нельзя не отметить и последние нововведения в проекте, связанные с введением экологической реабилитации в качестве одной из обязательных форм возмещения ущерба. Действительно, рассматривая массовые нарушения прав человека транснациональными корпорациями, мы часто сталкиваемся с нанесением серьезного ущерба окружающей среде, в результате чего нарушаются именно экологические права человека. Учащающиеся случаи подобных нарушений привели к необходимости совершенствования международных и внутригосударственных средств правовой защиты.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ. В результате проведенного исследования можно заключить, что средство правовой защиты будет считаться эффективным, если оно является доступным, приемлемым, адекватным и своевременным. Эффективное средство правовой защиты от деятельности ТНК должно обеспечивать адекватное возмещение или нивелирование причиненного ущерба и привлекать ТНК к ответственности за нарушение прав человека с целью обеспечить подобное возмещение. В свою очередь, доступ к средствам правовой защиты складывается из двух взаимосвязанных элементов: наличия механизма рассмотрения жалоб, предоставляющего возмещение ущерба от связанного с предпринимательской деятельностью ущерба и наличия у пострадавших лиц доступа к этому механизму. Доступ к средствам правовой защиты должен предоставляться без дискриминации по какому-либо из запрещенных признаков и учитывать положение уязвимых групп населения. Подход к расчету компенсации или выбору средства правовой защиты должен быть индивидуализированным, учитывающим социальный и правовой статус пострадавшего лица.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. This study analyzes available remedies for victims who have suffered harm from business activity of transnational corporations. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of available remedies for the protection human rights of individuals from adverse impacts of the business activity of TNCs. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to fulfill the following tasks: to consider the obligations of TNCs in modern international law, the role of states in the protecting human rights against the business activities of TNCs, examine the content of the right to an effective remedy, and characterize the existing remedies for the individuals.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. During the research the latest theoretical studies of leading Western scholars was analyzed, as well as the regulatory documents, recommendations and reports of the human rights treaty bodies, international human rights treaties and extensive court practice of the ECHR. For this study formal logical, general scientifi , comparative legal and private scientific methods has been applied. </p></sec><sec><title>RESEARCH RESULTS</title><p>RESEARCH RESULTS. In recent years, the importance of soft law in the field of international business and human rights has been increasingly strengthened. The UN Guiding principles on Business and Human Rights have become the basis for a draft legally binding instrument to regulate, in international human rights law, the activities of transnational corporations. It should be noted that the latest innovations in the draft related to the introduction of environmental rehabilitation as one of the mandatory forms of redress. Indeed, when considering mass violations of human rights by transnational corporations, we oft n encounter with serious damage to the environment, as a result of which environmental rights are violated. Increasing cases of such violations have led to the need to improve international and domestic remedies.</p><p>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The study concluded that a remedy would be effective if it would be affordable, acceptable, adequate and timely. An effective remedy against the activities of TNCs should provide an adequate compensation or the leveling of the damage caused and bring TNCs to account for human rights violations in order to ensure such compensation. In turn, access to remedies consists of two interrelated elements: the existence of a grievance mechanism that provides a redress for business-related damage and the availability to the mechanism by aff cted persons. Access to remedies should be provided without discrimination on any of the prohibited grounds and should take into account the situation of vulnerable groups. The approach to the calculation of compensation or the choice of remedy should be individualized, taking into account the social and legal status of the victim.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>международный бизнес</kwd><kwd>международное право прав человека</kwd><kwd>доступ к правосудию</kwd><kwd>права человека</kwd><kwd>право на эффективное средство правовой защиты</kwd><kwd>предпринимательская деятельность</kwd><kwd>транснациональные корпорации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>international business</kwd><kwd>international human rights law</kwd><kwd>access to justice</kwd><kwd>human rights</kwd><kwd>right to an effective remedy</kwd><kwd>business activity</kwd><kwd>transnational corporations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Синявский А.А. 2019a. 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