<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2020-1-6-25</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-344</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ПРАВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ISSUES OF THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К упрочению международного права через возрождение Устава ООН</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Towards Cementing International Law through Renaissance of the United Nations Charter</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4833-2525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вылегжанин</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vylegzhanin</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Николаевич Вылегжанин, доктор юридических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой международного права</p><p>119454, Москва, проспект Вернадского, д. 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander N. Vylegzhanin, Doctor of Juridical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of International Law</p><p>76, pr. Vernadskogo, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">danilalvy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7062-5899</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потье</surname><given-names>Тим</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Potier</surname><given-names>Tim</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тим Потье, доктор философии, профессор кафедры международного права</p><p>119454, Москва, проспект Вернадского, д. 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tim Potier, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor at the Department of International Law</p><p>76, pr. Vernadskogo, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.potier@inno.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7965-715X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торкунова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Torkunova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Анатольевна Торкунова, кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры европейского права</p><p>119454, Москва, проспект Вернадского, д. 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Torkunova, Cand Sci. (Law), Associate Professor at the EU Law Department</p><p>76, pr. Vernadskogo, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">etorkunova@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (Университет) МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) MFA Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вылегжанин А.Н., Потье Т., Торкунова Е.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вылегжанин А.Н., Потье Т., Торкунова Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vylegzhanin A.N., Potier T., Torkunova E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/344">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/344</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. 2020 год – это 75-летний юбилей Великой Победы союзных государств – Советского Союза, Великобритании и США – над нацисткой Германией. Важнейшим юридическим результатом Победы стал Устав Организации Объединенных Наций (ООН) – универсальный международный договор, инициаторами которого выступили СССР, Великобритания и США (позднее также Китайская Народная Республика и Франция), нацеленный на избавление грядущих поколений от бедствий новой мировой войны путем создания механизмов ООН по поддержанию международного мира и всеобщей безопасности. С тех пор Устав ООН стал фундаментом современного международного права, соблюдаемого государствами на разных континентах и при жизни разных поколений. Появились, однако, признаки изменений этого положения после распада Организации Варшавского договора, когда его бывшие члены – европейские социалистические государства (в т.ч. Болгария и Польша) вошли в западный военный блок – Организацию Североатлантического договора (НАТО). Похоже, что НАТО демонстрирует сейчас новое отношение к фундаментальным принципам Устава ООН, прежде всего, не соблюдая принцип использования вооруженной силы только согласно Уставу ООН. Государствачлены НАТО осуществили воздушные атаки против Сербии в 1999 году, без согласия на то Совета Безопасности. Затем западная коалиция ad hoc, возглавляемая США, использовали в 2003 году вооруженную силу против Ирака и организовали на его оккупированной территории исполнение смертного приговора президенту Ирака С. Хусейну. Даже государства «старой Европы», прежде всего Германия и Франция, не согласились с такой военной акцией США, игнорирующей Устав ООН. Недавняя эскалация противостояния США с Ираном (после убийства американцами руководителей военной миссии Ирана на территории Ирака) является еще одним подтверждением использования вооруженной силы в нарушение Устава ООН. Соучастие США в неконституционном отстранении от власти Президента Украины Януковича в Киеве 1914 года и последующая «местная война» между теми, кто признал этот государственный переворот легитимным, и теми, кто не признал – эти факты свидетельствуют об особой остроте проблемы сохранения международного мира. В такой политической обстановке риск третьей мировой войны выглядит возрастающим. Эти вызовы международному праву рассматриваются в настоящей статье.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Настоящее исследование основано на доктринах наиболее известных ученых и иных специалистов в области международного права, а также международных материалов, включая документы международных организаций, относящиеся к теме. Некоторые из таких материалов носят алармистский характер, отмечая опасность коллапса международной правовой системы и сомнения в том, что международный правопорядок вообще можно будет восстановить в ближайшие десятилетия.</p><p>Другие – не столь пессимистичны. Аналитическая составляющая статьи охватывает также предложенные толкования Устава ООН и иных международных договоров, регулирующих межгосударственные отношения в сфере глобальной безопасности. В исследовании вовлечены разные методы, в т.ч. сравнительно-правовой, историко-правовой, метод формальной логики, включая синтез относящихся к делу фактов, а также метод аналогии в праве.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Показано, что наличествует потребность в более целостном, связанном воедино международном правопорядке, в котором его ядро составляет система международного права. В контексте применимых принципов и норм международного права в настоящей статье предложены в конкретном плане результаты исследования следующих вопросов: 1) центробежные толкования международного права, отраженные в его источниках; 2) необходимость в росте роли Устава ООН в глобальной правовой системе; 3) ценность Устава ООН как документа, предупреждающего путаницу в правоприменении; 4) современное значение принципов международного права, отраженных в Уставе ООН; 5) сопоставление основных принципов международного права и общих принципов права; 6) нормы jus cogens и Устав ООН.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. This year is the 75-th anniversary of the Great Victory of the Allies – Britain, the Soviet Union and the USA – over Nazi Germany. The most important legal result of this victory has become the Charter of the United Nations – the universal treaty initiated by Great Britain, the Soviet Union and the USA (and later – by China and France) aiming to save succeeding generations from the new world war by establishing United Nations mechanisms to maintain international peace and global security. The UN Charter has since become the foundation of modern international law, respected by States across continents and generations. That seems, however, to begin changing after the collapse of the Warsaw Pact, when its former-members «socialist» European countries (including Bulgaria and Poland) became a part of the Western military bloc – North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). NATO seems to demonstrate now a new attitude to fundamental principles of the UN Charter, first of all, to the principle relating to the use of armed force only according to the UN Charter. NATO States-members launched in 1999 an air campaign against Serbia without authorization by the Security Council; then an ad hoc western coalition, led by the United States, resorted to armed force in 2003 against Iraq and organized in the occupied territory of Iraq the death penalty of the President Saddam Hussein. Even some western European States, France and Germany, first of all opposed such military action of the USA for ignoring the UN Charter. The apparent involvement of the USA in the unconstitutional removal of the Ukrainian President Yanukovich from power in Kiev in 2014 and the subsequent local war between those who recognize such a discharge as legitimate and those who do not (both referring to the right of self-defense) – these facts make the problem of international peace especially urgent. In this political environment, the risks of World War III seem to be increasing. This paper addresses such challenges to modern international law.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. Th background of this research is represented by the teachings of distinguished scholars and other specialists in international law, as well as international materials including documents of the international conferences relevant to the topic. Some of such materials are alarming, noting that the international legal system is in danger of collapse and it is doubtful whether an international legal order will be possible in the coming decades at all. Others are not so pessimistic. The analytical framework includes also suggested interpretations of the UN Charter and other international treaties regulating interstate relations in the area of global security. The research is based on a number of methods such as comparative law and history of international law, formal logic, including synthesis of relevant facts and analogy.</p></sec><sec><title>RESEARCH RESULTS</title><p>RESEARCH RESULTS. It is acknowledged that there is a need for a more coherent international legal order, with the system of international law being at its heart. Within the context of applicable principles and norms of international law, this article specifically provides the results of analysis of the following issues:</p><p>1) centrifugal interpretations of international law as they are reflected in its sources; 2) the need for increasing the role of the UN Charter in the global international legal framework; 3) modern values of the UN Charter as an anti-confusion instrument; 4) the contemporary meaning of the Principles embedded in the UN Charter; 5) comparison of the main principles of international law and general principles of law; 6) jus cogens and the UN Charter.</p><p>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. After discussing the issues noted above, this paper concludes that it is in the interest of the community of states as a whole to clarify the normative structure and hierarchy of modern international law. Greater discipline will need to be demonstrated in the use and classification of principles of international law and general principles of law in the meaning of Article 38 of the ICJ Statute. The content of jus cogens norms most probably will be gradually identified, after diffi lt discussions across the international community, both at interstate level and among academics. At the heart of such discussions may be the conclusion suggested in this paper on the peremptoriness of the principles of the United Nations Charter – Articles 1 and 2. Such an approach will further promote international law at the advanced quality of regulation of international relations and, for the good of all mankind, assist in the establishment of an international environment much more dependent on the rule of law.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Устав Организации Объединенных Наций</kwd><kwd>система международного права</kwd><kwd>основные принципы международного права</kwd><kwd>общие принципы права</kwd><kwd>источники международного права</kwd><kwd>jus cogens</kwd><kwd>верховенство права</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the Charter of the United Nations</kwd><kwd>system of international law</kwd><kwd>main principles of international law</kwd><kwd>general principles of law</kwd><kwd>sources of international law</kwd><kwd>jus cogens</kwd><kwd>rule of law</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1995. 334 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1995. 334 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boorstin D. J. The Mysterious Science of the Law. An Essay on Blackstone’s Commentaries. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1996. 254 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boorstin D. J. The Mysterious Science of the Law. An Essay on Blackstone’s Commentaries. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1996. 254 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crawford J. Brownlie’s Principles of Public International Law. 8th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2012. 888 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crawford J. Brownlie’s Principles of Public International Law. 8th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2012. 888 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evans M.D. International Law. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2006. 833 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evans M.D. International Law. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2006. 833 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Governing Arctic Seas. Regional Lessons from the Bering Strait and Barents Sea. Vol. 1. Ed. By O. Young, P. Berkman, A. Vylegzhanin. Cham: Springer. 2020. 358 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25674-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Governing Arctic Seas. Regional Lessons from the Bering Strait and Barents Sea. Vol. 1. Ed. By O. Young, P. Berkman, A. Vylegzhanin. Cham: Springer. 2020. 358 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25674-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grotius H. De jure belli ac pacis (Russ. ed.: Grotius H. O prave voiny i mira. Moscow: Gosyurizdat. 1956. 868 p.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grotius H. De jure belli ac pacis (Russ. ed.: Grotius H. O prave voiny i mira. Moscow: Gosyurizdat. 1956. 868 p.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henckaerts J-M. Customary International Humanitarian Law. Volume 1: Rules. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2005. 690 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511804700</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henckaerts J-M. Customary International Humanitarian Law. Volume 1: Rules. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2005. 690 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511804700</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnson B. The Churchill Factor. How One Man Made History. London: Hodder &amp; Stoughton. 2015. 400 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnson B. The Churchill Factor. How One Man Made History. London: Hodder &amp; Stoughton. 2015. 400 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kant I. Sochineniya na nemetskom i russkom yazykakh. V 4 tomakh. Tom 1. Traktaty i stat’i (1784-1796) [Papers in German and Russian Languages. Vol. 1: tractates and articles (1784-1796)]. Moscow: Nauka Publ. 1994. 592 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kant I. Sochineniya na nemetskom i russkom yazykakh. V 4 tomakh. Tom 1. Traktaty i stat’i (1784-1796) [Papers in German and Russian Languages. Vol. 1: tractates and articles (1784-1796)]. Moscow: Nauka Publ. 1994. 592 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kelsen H. Pure Theory of Law. Clark: The Lawbook Exchange Ltd. 2005. 368 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kelsen H. Pure Theory of Law. Clark: The Lawbook Exchange Ltd. 2005. 368 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolb R. Réflexions sur les politiques juridiques extérieres. Paris : Editions A. Pedone.2015. 138 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolb R. Réflexions sur les politiques juridiques extérieres. Paris : Editions A. Pedone.2015. 138 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurs mezhdunarodnogo prava v 7 tomakh. T. 2: Osnovnye printsipy mezhdunarodnogo prava. Otv. red. I.I. Lukashuk [The Course of International Law in 7 volumes. Vol. 2: General Principles of International Law. Ed. by I.I. Lukashuk]. Moscow: Nauka Publ. 1989. 240 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurs mezhdunarodnogo prava v 7 tomakh. T. 2: Osnovnye printsipy mezhdunarodnogo prava. Otv. red. I.I. Lukashuk [The Course of International Law in 7 volumes. Vol. 2: General Principles of International Law. Ed. by I.I. Lukashuk]. Moscow: Nauka Publ. 1989. 240 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Law and Force in the New International Order. Ed. By L. Damrosch and D.J. Scheffer. Oxford: Westview Press. 1991. 326 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Law and Force in the New International Order. Ed. By L. Damrosch and D.J. Scheffer. Oxford: Westview Press. 1991. 326 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martens F.F. Sovremennoe mezhdunarodnoe pravo tsivilizovannykh narodov. T. 1 [Modern International Law of Civilized Nations. Vol. 1]. Moscow. 1996. 306 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martens F.F. Sovremennoe mezhdunarodnoe pravo tsivilizovannykh narodov. T. 1 [Modern International Law of Civilized Nations. Vol. 1]. Moscow. 1996. 306 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. Pod red. G.I. Tunkina [International Law.Ed. by G.I. Tunkin]. Moscow: Progress Publ. 1986. 551 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. Pod red. G.I. Tunkina [International Law.Ed. by G.I. Tunkin]. Moscow: Progress Publ. 1986. 551 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plato. Laches, Protagoras, Meno, Euthydemu. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1977. 508 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plato. Laches, Protagoras, Meno, Euthydemu. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1977. 508 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaw M. International Law. 8th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2017.1033 pp.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaw M. International Law. 8th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2017.1033 pp.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Solidarity: A Structural Principle of International Law. Ed. by R. Wolfrum and Ch. Kojima. 2010. Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. 256 p. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1007/978-3-642-11177-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solidarity: A Structural Principle of International Law. Ed. by R. Wolfrum and Ch. Kojima. 2010. Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. 256 p. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1007/978-3-642-11177-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tunkin G.I. 1974. Theory of International Law. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 497 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tunkin G.I. 1974. Theory of International Law. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 497 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tunkin G.I. Theory of International Law. 2nd ed. London: Wildy, Simmonds and Hill Publishing. 580 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tunkin G.I. Theory of International Law. 2nd ed. London: Wildy, Simmonds and Hill Publishing. 580 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tunkin G.I. Theory of International Law. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 1974. 497 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tunkin G.I. Theory of International Law. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 1974. 497 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vylegzhanin A.N. Voprosy sootnosheniya i vzaimodeistviya mezhdunarodnykh otnoshenii i mezhdunarodnogo prava [Issues of relations and interdependence of international relations and international law]. – Sovremennaya nauka o mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniyakh za rubezhom. Khrestomatiya v 3-kh tomakh. T. 2. Pod red. I.S. Ivanova [Modern Theory of International Relations Abroad. In 3 volumes. Vol. 2. Ed. by I.S. Ivanov]. Moscow: Nekommercheskoe partnerstvo “Rossiiskii sovet po mezhdunarodnym delam” Publ. 2015. P. 418-433. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vylegzhanin A.N. Voprosy sootnosheniya i vzaimodeistviya mezhdunarodnykh otnoshenii i mezhdunarodnogo prava [Issues of relations and interdependence of international relations and international law]. – Sovremennaya nauka o mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniyakh za rubezhom. Khrestomatiya v 3-kh tomakh. T. 2. Pod red. I.S. Ivanova [Modern Theory of International Relations Abroad. In 3 volumes. Vol. 2. Ed. by I.S. Ivanov]. Moscow: Nekommercheskoe partnerstvo “Rossiiskii sovet po mezhdunarodnym delam” Publ. 2015. P. 418-433. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vylegzhanin A.N., Kalamkaryan R.A. Znachenie mezhdunarodnogo obychaya v sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave [The Role of International Custom in the Contemporary International Law]. – Moscow Journal of International Law. 2012. No. 2. P. 5–29. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vylegzhanin A.N., Kalamkaryan R.A. Znachenie mezhdunarodnogo obychaya v sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave [The Role of International Custom in the Contemporary International Law]. – Moscow Journal of International Law. 2012. No. 2. P. 5–29. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
