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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2019-4-31-45</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-336</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАСЕЛЕНИЕ В МЕЖДУНАРОДНОМ ПРАВЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POPULATION IN INTERNATIONAL LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Палестинское гражданство: прошлое, настоящее, будущее</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Palestinian citizenship: past, present, future</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5103-5324</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Толстых</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tolstykh</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николаева ул., д. 8, Новосибирск, 630090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Juridical Sciences, </p><p> 8, ul. Nikolaeva, Novosibirsk, 630090 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vlt73@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4320-0382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ааси</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aasi</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Омар Ибн Аль-Хаттаб ул., а/я 7, Наблус, Западный берег, Палестинские территории</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. in Public Law and Political Science, </p><p>Omar Ibn Al-Khattab St., PO Box 7, Nablus, West Bank, Palestinian Territories</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">joni.aasi@najah.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт философии и права, Сибирское отделение, Российская академия наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Philosophy and Law, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Ан-Наджах</institution><country>Палестина</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>An-Najah University</institution><country>Palestinian Territory, Occupied</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Толстых В.Л., Ааси Д., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Толстых В.Л., Ааси Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tolstykh V.L., Aasi J.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/336">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/336</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. В статье рассматривается эволюция палестинского гражданства и возможности его развития в условиях оккупации палестинских территорий. Гражданство является классическим институтом публичного права и примерно одинаково понимается в различных правовых системах. В данном случае, однако, речь идет о совершенно особом феномене, содержание которого обусловлено целым рядом исторических, политических и международно-правовых факторов.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Исследование проведено на основе анализа Декларации Бальфура 1917 г., Плана ООН по разделу Палестины 1947 г., Соглашения Осло II 1995 г., Статей о гражданстве физических лиц в связи с правопреемством государств (Комиссия международного права, 1999 г.), Статей по дипломатической защите (Комиссия международного права, 2006 г.), законодательства Израиля, регулирующего статус палестинцев, законодательства о гражданстве арабских государств, политических и нормативно-правовых актов палестинских институтов. В исследовании использованы исторический метод, методы формальной логики, сравнительноправовой метод и различные методы толкования. Значительную часть исследования представляет сопоставление позиций израильских и палестинских юристов, а также анализ различных вариантов развития палестинского гражданства.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. В настоящее время статус резидентов оккупированных территорий определяется Соглашением Осло II 1995 г.: административные полномочия делегируются палестинским властям, Израиль, однако, сохраняет право контроля. Статус резидента оккупированных палестинских территорий не эквивалентен статусу гражданина и является статусом sui generis. Данный статус предполагает ряд обязанностей Израиля: прекратить его и обеспечить получение палестинцами гражданства; признать его международные элементы; передавать все большие полномочия палестинским институтам. Отсутствие у палестинцев регулярного гражданства затрудняет предоставление им дипломатической защиты со стороны палестинских институтов.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ. В настоящее время существуют предпосылки для закрепления палестинского гражданства, которое оформит политическую связь sui generis, предполагающую права палестинцев на участие в управлении оккупированными территориями, их относимость к нации, борющейся за самоопределение, право палестинских институтов на оказание дипломатической и иной защиты и др. Данное гражданство должно предоставляться автоматически, поскольку оно предполагает не натурализацию, а учет уже существующих социальных и кровных связей палестинцев со своим народом. Решение проблемы дипломатической защиты может состоять в развитии обычного права и поиске новых инструментов, одним из которых может стать защита со стороны международных организаций. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. The article deals with the evolution of the Palestinian citizenship and the possibility of its development under the occupation of the Palestinian territories. Citizenship is a classic institution of public law and is perceived in a similar way in various legal systems. In this case, however, there is a very special phenomenon, the content of which is due to a number of historical, political and international legal factors.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research is based on the analysis of Balfour Declaration 1917, UN Partition Plan for Palestine 1947, Agreement Oslo II 1995, Articles on Nationality of Natural Persons in relation to the Succession of States (ILC, 1999), Articles on Diplomatic Protection (ILC, 2006), Israeli law governing the status of Palestinians, nationality laws of the Arab states, political and regulatory acts of Palestinian institutions. The research methods include historical method, methods of formal logic, comparative method and various methods of interpretation. A significant part of the research is a comparison of positions of Israeli and Palestinian lawyers, as well as an analysis of various options for the development of the Palestinian citizenship.</p></sec><sec><title>RESEARCH RESULTS</title><p>RESEARCH RESULTS. Currently, the status of residents of the occupied territories is determined by the Oslo II Agreement of 1995: the administrative powers are delegated to the Palestinian Authority; Israel retains the right of control. The resident status is not equivalent to the status of a citizen and is sui generis. This status implies a number of Israel’s obligations: to end it and provide a citizenship to Palestinians; recognize its international elements; transfer more powers to Palestinian institutions. The lack of regular citizenship makes it difficult for Palestinians to enjoy diplomatic protection from Palestinian institutions.</p><p>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Presently, there are conditions for the establishment (declaration) of the Palestinian citizenship, which would fix a political connection sui generis, implying the rights of Palestinians to participate in administration of the occupied territories, their membership in a nation striving for self-determination, the right of Palestinian institutions to provide diplomatic and other protection, etc. This citizenship should be provided automatically, since it involves not naturalization, but consideration of existing social and vital ties of Palestinians to their people. The solution of the problem of diplomatic protection may consist in the development of customary law and the search for new tools, for example, protection on the part of international organizations. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>международное право</kwd><kwd>непризнанные государства</kwd><kwd>права человека</kwd><kwd>гражданство</kwd><kwd>резидентство</kwd><kwd>безгражданство</kwd><kwd>беженцы</kwd><kwd>дипломатическая защита</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>international law</kwd><kwd>unrecognized states</kwd><kwd>human rights</kwd><kwd>citizenship</kwd><kwd>residency</kwd><kwd>statelessness</kwd><kwd>refugees</kwd><kwd>diplomatic protection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Блюнчли И.К. 1876. Современное международное право цивилизованных государств, изложенное в виде кодекса. М.: Тип. 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