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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2026-2-6-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-2978</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАВА ЧЕЛОВЕКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HUMAN RIGHTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Международным пактам по правам человека – 60 лет!</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The International Covenants on Human Rights – 60 Years!</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0012-8795</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абашидзе</surname><given-names>А. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abashidze</surname><given-names>A. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аслан Хусейнович АБАШИДЗЕ - доктор юридических наук, профессор, директор юридического института РУДН имени Патриса Лумумбы, заведующий кафедрой международного права ЮИ РУДН, член Комитета ООН по экономическим, социальным и культурным правам, Заслуженный деятель науки Российской Федерации, Заслуженный юрист Российской Федерации, Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</p><p>Миклухо-Маклая ул., 6, Москва, 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aslan Kh. ABASHIDZE - Doctor of Legal Sciences, Professor, Director of the Law Institute, Head of the Department of International Law, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, member of the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Honoured lawyer of the Russian Federation, Honoured scientist of the Russian Federation, Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abashidze-akh@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Абашидзе А.Х., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абашидзе А.Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abashidze A.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2978">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2978</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Шестидесятилетие принятия Международного пакта об экономических, социальных и культурных правах и Международного пакта о гражданских и политических правах актуализирует вопрос об их месте в универсальной системе международной защиты прав человека. Указанные договоры, составляющие вместе со Всеобщей декларацией прав человека Международный билль о правах человека, сохраняют системообразующее значение для развития международного сотрудничества в сфере прав человека и для определения международно-правовых обязательств государств в области поощрения и защиты прав человека. Настоящая статья посвящена некоторым аспектам эволюции универсальной правозащитной системы после принятия Международных пактов, влиянию Венской декларации и Программы действий 1993 г. на институциональное устройство системы Организации Объединенных Наций (далее ‒ ООН), а также современным тенденциям, связанным с деятельностью договорных органов по правам человека – Комитета по экономическим, социальным и культурным правам и Комитета по правам человека. В статье также рассматривается проблема соотношения провозглашенной неделимости всех прав человека с практикой, в рамках которой имеют место случаи их институционального и процедурного «разделения».</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В исследовании использовались общенаучные, формально-логические методы (включая методы анализа, синтеза, сравнения, аналогии, систематизации, моделирования), а также специальные методы (формально-юридический, исторический, сравнительно-правовой).</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. В исследовании представлен анализ состояния Международных пактов о правах человека и их места в универсальной правозащитной системе к 2026 г. с учетом изменений, имевших место с1993 г. в рамках системы ООН. Автором представлен детальный обзор результатов Всемирной конференции по правам человека 1993 г. В части их влияния на универсальную правозащитную систему. Автор также анализирует кризисные тенденции в правозащитной системе ООН на примере их влияния на систему договорных органов по правам человека, в частности – на примере Комитета по экономическим, социальным и культурным правам и Комитета по правам человека, осуществляющими контроль и наблюдение за исполнением положений двух Международных пактов о правах человека.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ. Проведенное исследование позволяет сделать вывод о сохраняющемся системообразующем значении Международного пакта об экономических, социальных и культурных правах и Международного пакта о гражданских и политических правах для универсальной системы защиты прав человека. Анализ показывает, что провозглашенная в системе ООН неделимость прав и свобод человека не всегда последовательно обеспечивается в универсальной правозащитной системе на уровне институциональной практики. В связи с этим представляется необходимым укреплять роль договорных органов, действующих на основе соответствующих международных договоров, и обеспечивать их реальную независимость от политизированных административных влияний. Особое значение в этом отношении имеет сохранение уставной роли Экономического и Социального Совета ООН (далее – ЭКОСОС) в международном сотрудничестве в экономической и социальной сферах, а также в области прав человека. Юбилей Международных пактов о правах человека, в свою очередь, следует рассматривать как повод не для пересмотра их значения, а для восстановления баланса, заложенного в Уставе ООН, без размывания или подмены концептуальных основ Международного билля о правах человека.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. The sixtieth anniversary of the adoption of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights brings renewed relevance to the question of their place within the universal system for the international protection of human rights. These treaties, which together with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights constitute the International Bill of Human Rights, retain their system-forming signiﬁcance for the development of international cooperation in the ﬁeld of human rights and for the determination of the international legal obligations of States in the promotion and protection of human rights. This article is devoted to certain aspects of the evolution of the universal human rights system following the adoption of the International Covenants, the impact of the 1993 Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action on the institutional architecture of the United Nations system, and contemporary trends relating to the activities of the human rights treaty bodies — the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Human Rights Committee. The article also examines the issue of the relationship between the proclaimed indivisibility of all human rights and a practice in which instances of their institutional and procedural “division” occur.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study employed general scientiﬁc and formal-logical methods, including methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, analogy, systematization and modelling, as well as special methods: formal legal, historical and comparative legal methods.</p></sec><sec><title>RESEARCH RESULTS</title><p>RESEARCH RESULTS. The study presents an analysis of the state of the International Covenants on Human Rights and their place in the universal human rights system as of 2026, considering the changes that have occurred within the UN system since 1993. The author provides a detailed overview of the outcomes of the 1993 World Conference on Human Rights in terms of their impact on the universal human rights system. The author also analyses crisis trends in the UN human rights system through the example of their impact on the system of human rights treaty bodies, particularly the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Human Rights Committee, which monitor and supervise the implementation of the provisions of the two International Covenants on Human Rights.</p><p>CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION. The study makes it possible to conclude that the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights retain their system-forming signiﬁcance for the universal system of human rights protection. The analysis shows that the indivisibility of human rights and freedoms proclaimed within the UN system is not always consistently ensured in the universal human rights system at the level of institutional practice. In this regard, it appears necessary to strengthen the role of treaty bodies established based on the relevant international treaties and to ensure their genuine independence from politicized administrative inﬂuence. Of particular importance in this respect is the preservation of the Charter-based role of ECOSOC in international cooperation in the economic and social spheres, as well as in the ﬁeld of human rights. The anniversary of the International Covenants on Human Rights, in turn, should be regarded not as an occasion to revise their signiﬁcance, but as an opportunity to restore the balance laid down in the UN Charter, without diluting or substituting the conceptual foundations of the International Bill of Human Rights.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>права человека</kwd><kwd>ООН</kwd><kwd>ЭКОСОС</kwd><kwd>Международные пакты</kwd><kwd>Международный билль о правах человека</kwd><kwd>МПЭСКП</kwd><kwd>МПГПП</kwd><kwd>ВДПЧ</kwd><kwd>договорные органы</kwd><kwd>КЭСКП</kwd><kwd>КПЧ</kwd><kwd>УВКПЧ</kwd><kwd>универсальная правозащитная система</kwd><kwd>система ООН</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human rights</kwd><kwd>UN</kwd><kwd>ECOSOC</kwd><kwd>International Covenants</kwd><kwd>International Bill of Human Rights</kwd><kwd>ICESCR</kwd><kwd>ICCPR</kwd><kwd>UDHR</kwd><kwd>treaty bodies</kwd><kwd>CESCR</kwd><kwd>Human Rights Committee</kwd><kwd>OHCHR</kwd><kwd>universal human rights system</kwd><kwd>UN system</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abashidze A. 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