<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2026-1-139-150</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-2955</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ ЧАСТНОЕ И ГРАЖДАНСКОЕ ПРАВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE AND CIVIL LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О перспективах кодификации гражданского права в странах – бывших республиках Социалистической Федеративной Республики Югославия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the Prospects of Civil Law Codification in the Former Yugoslav Republics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-8659</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеева</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveeva</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Юрьевна МАТВЕЕВА, доктор юридических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры международного и публичного права</p><p>Ленинградский пр-т, 49/2, Москва, 125167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Yu. MATVEEVA, Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of International and Public Law</p><p>49/2, Leningradsky Ave., Moscow,125167</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eyumatveeva@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>139</fpage><lpage>150</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Матвеева Е.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Матвеева Е.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Matveeva E.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2955">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2955</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. В статье анализируются перспективы кодификации гражданского права в  государствах, возникших на территории бывшей Югославии, в контексте романо-германской правовой семьи и современных тенденций к системной кодификации частного права. Исследование охватывает Боснию и Герцеговину, Северную Македонию, Сербию, Словению, Хорватию и Черногорию и выявляет, как историческое развитие, югославское правовое наследие и  пост‑социалистические трансформации повлияли на  современные кодификационные повестки. Показано, что, несмотря на многолетние дискуссии и разработанные проекты, эти страны по прежнему не имеют единого гражданского кодекса, а регулирование частноправовых отношений остается фрагментированным.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Методологическую основу составляют сравнительно правовой, историко-правовой и институциональный анализ. Эмпирическая база включает национальное законодательство шести постъюгославских государств, прежде всего акты, регулирующие вещные, обязательственные и семейные отношения, а также официальные документы и материалы кодификационных комиссий. Исследование опирается на научную литературу на нескольких языках, включая работы по  кодификации гражданского права в Центральной и Восточной Европе; при этом в историко-правовом анализе специально учитывается влияние Австро-Венгерского гражданского уложения.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Анализ показывает, что шесть постъюгославских государств демонстрируют различные модели развития гражданского права. В Северной Македонии, Сербии и Черногории действуют масштабные кодификационные проекты, однако движение к принятию гражданских кодексов остается неравномерным и политически уязвимым. Словения и Хорватия продолжают опираться на югославский Закон об обязательственных отношениях, модернизируя его поэтапными реформами вместо принятия единого кодекса. В Боснии и Герцеговине общегосударственную кодификацию серьезно затрудняет сложное конституционное устройство. Во всем регионе сохраняется влияние югославской модели регулирования частного права через набор профильных законов; к этому добавляется историческое воздействие Австро-Венгрии и  опора на Австрийское гражданское уложение при формировании институтов вещного и обязательственного права.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ. Анализ показал, что постъюгославские государства находятся на разных стадиях кодификации гражданского права: от продвинутых проектов гражданских кодексов в Северной Македонии, Сербии и Черногории до более осторожной стратегии поэтапных реформ в Словении и Хорватии и серьезно затрудненной общегосударственной кодификации в Боснии и Герцеговине. Ключевым условием продвижения выступает политическая воля, без которой даже детально проработанные проекты остаются на уровне экспертных инициатив. При этом научные сообщества всех рассматриваемых стран в целом единодушны в оценке кодификации гражданского права как необходимой и желательной цели, обеспечивающей системность и предсказуемость правового регулирования. Процесс кодификации находится под влиянием устойчивых исторических паттернов: австро‑венгерского правового наследия и  особого социалистического пути федеративной Югославии, опиравшейся на Закон об обязательственных отношениях вместо классического гражданского кодекса. Эти слои традиции задают различающиеся стартовые позиции и  модели возможной кодификации, но  не  отменяют базовой направленности развития: движение к  кодификации гражданского права во всех проанализированных странах, пусть и в неодновременных и институционально разных формах, во многом предопределено принадлежностью к романо‑германской правовой семье и задачами европейской интеграции.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. The article analyses the prospects for the codification of civil law in the states that emerged on the territory of the former Yugoslavia within the framework of the Romano‑Germanic legal family and contemporary trends towards systematic codification of private law. The study covers Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia and Montenegro, and identifies how historical development, the Yugoslav legal legacy and post‑socialist transformations have shaped their current codification agendas. It is shown that, despite decades of discussion and the preparation of draft codes, these states still lack a unified civil code, and the regulation of private‑law relations remains fragmented.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. The methodological basis of the study consists of comparative‑law, historical‑legal and institutional analysis. The empirical basis includes the national legislation of the six post‑Yugoslav states, primarily statutes governing property, obligations and family relations, as well as official documents and materials of codification commissions. The research further relies on academic literature in several languages, including works on civ‑il‑law codification in Central and Eastern Europe; in the historical‑legal part particular attention is paid to the impact of the Austrian Civil Code and the broader Austro‑Hungarian legal legacy.</p></sec><sec><title>RESEARCH RESULTS</title><p>RESEARCH RESULTS. The analysis shows that the six post‑Yugoslav states display different models of civil‑law development. In North Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro large‑scale codification projects are underway, yet progress towards the adoption of civil codes remains uneven and politically vulnerable. Slovenia and Croatia continue to rely on the Yugoslav Law on Obligations, modernising it through incremental reforms instead of enacting a single civil code. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, state‑wide codification is seriously hampered by its complex constitutional structure. Throughout the region, the Yugoslav model of regulating private law through a set of specialised statutes retains its influence; this is complemented, in several jurisdictions, by the historical impact of Austria‑Hungary and reliance on the Austrian Civil Code in the development of property‑ and obligations‑law institutions.</p><p>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The analysis demonstrates that the post‑Yugoslav states are at different stages of civil‑law codification: from advanced civil‑code projects in North Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro to a more cautious strategy of step‑by‑step reforms in Slovenia and Croatia and significantly constrained state‑wide codification in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A key condition for progress is political will, without which even thoroughly elaborated drafts remain at the level of expert initiatives. At the same time, the academic communities in all the countries considered are broadly unanimous in viewing civil‑law codification as a necessary and desirable goal that enhances the coherence and predictability of legal regulation. The codification process is shaped by persistent historical patterns: the Austro‑Hungarian legal heritage and the specific socialist trajectory of the Yugoslav federation, which relied on the Law on Obligations instead of a classical civil code. These layers of tradition determine differing starting points and models of possible codification, but do not negate the basic direction of development: movement towards civil‑law codification in all the countries analysed, albeit in asynchronous and institutionally diverse forms, is largely predetermined by their belonging to the Romano‑Germanic legal family and by the requirements of European integration.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кодификация</kwd><kwd>гражданское право</kwd><kwd>постъюгославские страны</kwd><kwd>правовая система</kwd><kwd>гражданский кодекс</kwd><kwd>правовая унификация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>codification</kwd><kwd>civil law</kwd><kwd>post-Yugoslav countries</kwd><kwd>legal system</kwd><kwd>civil code</kwd><kwd>legal unification</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Давид Р., Жоффре Спинози К. 1999. Основные правовые системы современности. Пер. с фр. В.А. Туманова. Москва: Международные отношения. 400 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ampovska M., Ilioski R. The Process of Codification of Civil Law in the Western Balkan States. Yearbook of the Faculty of Law. Goce Delčev University. Štip. 2020. No. 11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жидков О.Л. 1971. История буржуазного права. Москва.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dacev N., Miska E. Civil Law Codification Process in the Republic of North Macedonia and the Republic of Albania. – Law and World. 2024. No. 29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Общая теория права. 1998. Под общ. ред. А.С. Пиголкина. 2-е изд., пер. и доп. Москва: МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">David R., Joffre-Spinosi C. Osnovnye pravovye sistemy sovremennosti [Major Legal Systems in the World Today]. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia. 1999. 400 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Суханов E.A. 2012. Восточноевропейские кодификации гражданского и торгового права. – Codification of Civil Law: Assessment, Reforms, Options. Под ред. E. Veress. Москва: ООО «Издат. дом В. Ема».</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dudás A. A kötelmi jog reformja Szerbiában a készülő polgári törvénykönyv fényében. – Magyar Jog. 2015. Vol. 62. No. 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цвайгерт К., Кетц Х. 2000. Введение в сравнительное правоведение в сфере частного права. В 2 т. Т. 1. Основы. Москва: Международные отношения. 480 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dudás A. Croatia. – Contract Law in East Central Europe. Ed. E. Veress. Miskolc – Budapest: Central European Academic Publishing. 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шершеневич Г.Ф. 1995. Общая теория права. В 2 т. Т. 2. Вып. 2, 3, 4 (по изд. 1912 г.). Москва: Юридический колледж МГУ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hlača N. The Europeanization of Croatian Private Law – a Comparison with the Civil Law Codifications of Postsocialist Countries. – Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Rijeci. 2017. Vol. 38. No. 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ampovska M., Ilioski R. 2020. The Process of Codification of Civil Law in the Western Balkan States. Yearbook of the Faculty of Law. Goce Delčev University. Štip. No. 11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Josipović T. Croatian Property Law After EU Accession. – Annales. 2014. Vol. XLVI. No. 63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dacev N., Miska E. 2024. Civil Law Codification Process in the Republic of North Macedonia and the Republic of Albania. – Law and World. No. 29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Josipović T. Codification of Civil Law in Croatia: Challenges of Multiple Crises for the Reform of Croatian Civil Law. – Codification of Civil Law: Assessment, Reforms, Options. Еd. E. Veress. Budapest – Miskolc: Central European Academic Publishing. 2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dudás A. 2015. A kötelmi jog reformja Szerbiában a készülő polgári törvénykönyv fényében. – Magyar Jog. Vol. 62. No. 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Juhart M. Codification of Civil Law in Slovenia. Conference paper. Ferenc Mádl Institute. 2023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dudás A. 2022. Croatia. – Contract Law in East Central Europe. Ed. E. Veress. Miskolc – Budapest: Central European Academic Publishing.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kathrein G. Reformen im ABGB. – Vom ABGB zum Europaischen Privatrecht: Festschrift fur Heinz Barta zum 65. Geburtstag. Eds. H. Koziol, H.D. Bunz, M. Schwimann, Ch. Wendehorst. Wien: Verlag Osterreich. 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hlača N. 2017. The Europeanization of Croatian Private Law – a Comparison with the Civil Law Codifications of Post-socialist Countries. – Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Rijeci. Vol. 38. No. 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Long wait for the Civil Code: Eight decades without an important legal document. NIN. 2025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Josipović T. 2024. Codification of Civil Law in Croatia: Challenges of Multiple Crises for the Reform of Croatian Civil Law. – Codification of Civil Law: Assessment, Reforms, Options. Еd. E. Veress. Budapest – Miskolc: Central European Academic Publishing.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lutman K. Limitation of Actions in the Slovenian Law of Obligations. BACL Blog. 2025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Josipović T. 2014. Croatian Property Law After EU Accession. – Annales. Vol. XLVI. No. 63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Možina D. Status of Private Law Reform in Slovenia. – Juridica International. 2008. No. 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Juhart M. 2023. Codification of Civil Law in Slovenia. Conference paper. Ferenc Mádl Institute.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Németh Zs., Nikoloski A. Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Bosnia and Herzegovina: Report. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. 2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kathrein G. 2006. Reformen im ABGB. – Vom ABGB zum Europaischen Privatrecht: Festschrift fur Heinz Barta zum 65. Geburtstag. Eds. H. Koziol, H.D. Bunz, M. Schwimann, Ch. Wendehorst. Wien: Verlag Osterreich.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Obshchaia teoriia prava [General Theory of Law]. Ed. A.S.  Pigolkin. 2nd ed., revised and enlarged. Moscow: MGTU im. N.E. Baumana. 1998. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Long wait for the Civil Code: Eight decades without an important legal document. 2025. NIN.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pepeljugoski T. Expected legal reforms and new laws in the Republic of North Macedonia. Pepeljugoski Law Office. 2025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lutman K. 2025. Limitation of Actions in the Slovenian Law of Obligations. BACL Blog.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Povlakić M. Codification of Civil Law in Bosnia and Herzegovina. – Codification of Civil Law: Assessment, Reforms, Options. Ed. E. Veress. Budapest – Miskolc: Central European Academic Publishing. 2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Možina D. 2008. Status of Private Law Reform in Slovenia. – Juridica International. No. 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Przheska T. Towards a Unified Civil Law in North Macedonia: The Path of Codification. – Central European Journal of Comparative Law. 2025. Vol. 6 (2). P. 307-332.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Németh Zs., Nikoloski A. 2024. Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Bosnia and Herzegovina: Report. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rakic-Vodinelic V., Beljanski A., Radivojevic M. Judicial Reform in Serbia 2008–2012. Belgrade: Institute of Comparative Law. 2012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pepeljugoski T. 2025. Expected legal reforms and new laws in the Republic of North Macedonia. Pepeljugoski Law Office.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rašović Z.P. The History of the Codification of Civil Law in Montenegro. – Central European Journal of Comparative Law. 2025. Vol. 6 (2). P. 333-365.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Povlakić M. 2024. Codification of Civil Law in Bosnia and Herzegovina. – Codification of Civil Law: Assessment, Reforms, Options. Ed. E. Veress. Budapest – Miskolc: Central European Academic Publishing.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruge M. Hostage State: How to Free Bosnia from Dayton's Paralysing Grip. London: European Council on Foreign Relations. 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Przheska T. 2025. Towards a Unified Civil Law in North Macedonia: The Path of Codification. – Central European Journal of Comparative Law. Vol. 6 (2). P. 307-332.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shershenevich G.F. Obshchaia teoriia prava [General Theory of Law]. In 2 vols. Vol. 2. Issues 2, 3, 4 (according to the 1912 ed.). Moscow: Iuridicheskii kolledzh MGU. 1995. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rakic-Vodinelic V., Beljanski A., Radivojevic M. 2012. Judicial Reform in Serbia 2008–2012. Belgrade: Institute of Comparative Law.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sukhanov E.A. Vostochnoevropeiskie kodifikatsii grazhdanskogo i torgovogo prava [Eastern European codifications of civil and commercial law]. – Codification of Civil Law: Assessment, Reforms, Options. Еd. E. Veress. Moscow: OOO «Izdat. dom V. Ema». 2012. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rašović Z.P. 2025. The History of the Codification of Civil Law in Montenegro. – Central European Journal of Comparative Law. Vol. 6 (2). P. 333-365.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szalma J. Die Kodifikationsentwicklung des Zivilrechts in Serbien – insbesondere über den Vorentwurf des Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuches und über das neue Handelsgesetzbuch der Republik Serbien. – Journal on European History of Law. 2019. No. 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruge M. 2020. Hostage State: How to Free Bosnia from Dayton's Paralysing Grip. London: European Council on Foreign Relations.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tot I. The Yugoslav Law on Obligations of 1978 and the Legacy of Professor Mihailo Konstantinović. BACL Blog. 2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szalma J. 2019. Die Kodifikationsentwicklung des Zivilrechts in Serbien – insbesondere über den Vorentwurf des Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuches und über das neue Handelsgesetzbuch der Republik Serbien. – Journal on European History of Law. No. 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veress E. Private Law Codifications in East Central Europe. – Lectures on East Central European Legal History. Ed. P. Sary. Miskolc: Central European Academic Publishing. 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tot I. 2024. The Yugoslav Law on Obligations of 1978 and the Legacy of Professor Mihailo Konstantinović. BACL Blog.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhidkov O.L. Istoriya burzhuaznogo prava [History of Bourgeois Law]. Moscow. 1971. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veress E. 2022. Private Law Codifications in East Central Europe. – Lectures on East Central European Legal History. Ed. P. Sary. Miskolc: Central European Academic Publishing.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhivkovska R., Przheska T. Codification of the Civil Law in the Republic of Macedonia. – Collection of Papers of the Law Faculty in Nis. 2014. No. 68. P. 253-274.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhivkovska R., Przheska T. 2014. Codification of the Civil Law in the Republic of Macedonia. – Collection of Papers of the Law Faculty in Nis. No. 68. P. 253-274.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zweigert K., Koetz H. Vvedenie v sravnitelnoe pravovedenie v sfere chastnogo prava. T. 1 Osnovy [Introduction to Comparative Law in the Field of Private Law. Vol. 1. Fundamentals]. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia. 2000. 480 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
