mgimolawМосковский журнал международного праваMoscow Journal of International Law0869-00492619-0893Moscow State Institute of International Relations10.24833/0869-0049-2025-4-24-34mgimolaw-2907Research ArticleПРАВО МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙLAW OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONSНовое измерение международного сотрудничества в рамках БРИКС: международно-правовой подходNew Dimension of International Cooperation within the BRICS: International Legal Approachhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8843-3473БокланД. С.BoklanD. S.

Дарья Сергеевна Боклан, Доктор юридических наук, профессор, заместитель заведующего кафедрой международного права юридического факультета; Ведущий научный сотрудник Центра европейских и евразийских правовых исследований научно-исследовательского отдела юридического факультета

Мясницкая ул., 20, Москва, 101000

Гагарина пр., 23, Нижний Новгород, 603022

Daria S. BOKLAN, Doctor of Legal Sciences, Professor, Deputy Head of the School of International Law, Faculty of Law; Leading Researcher at the Center for European and Eurasian Legal Studies of the Research Department of the Faculty of Law

20, Myasnitskaya St., Moscow, 101000

23, Gagarina Ave., Nizhny Novgorod,603022

dboklan@hse.ruНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»; Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. ЛобачевскогоРоссияNational Research University “Higher School of Economics”; Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny NovgorodRussian Federation202526122025042434Copyright © Боклан Д.С., 20252025Боклан Д.С.Boklan D.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2907

ВВЕДЕНИЕ. В статье рассматривается, как развивается такой принцип международного права, как принцип сотрудничества, в рамках БРИКС. Выбор этой темы продиктован тем, что сегодня мы сталкиваемся, с одной стороны, с кризисом классических международных организаций, таких как ООН и Всемирная торговая организация, а с другой – с активным и эффективным развитием международного сотрудничества в рамках БРИКС. Однако БРИКС не обладает международной правоспособностью. Это означает, что БРИКС не обладает международными правами и обязательствами, не может выступать в качестве субъекта международного права. На первый взгляд, эти факты следует рассматривать как очевидную слабость такой формы международного сотрудничества, как БРИКС. Однако, как будет показано в статье, эта форма сотрудничества продемонстрировала свою эффективность в развитии международного сотрудничества в различных сферах. Наряду с этим БРИКС уделено очень мало внимания в международной юридической науке. Преимущественно БРИКС рассматривается специалистами в сфере политологии и политэкономии. Цель статьи – восполнить этот пробел, оценив БРИКС с международно-правовой точки зрения.МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В представленном исследовании использовались общенаучные методы познания (анализ, синтез, индукция и дедукция), специальные юридические методы (формально-юридический, технико-юридический, метод юридической аналогии), сравнительно-правовой и ситуационный методы.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. В статье рассматриваются новые аспекты международно-правового принципа международного сотрудничества посредством мягкого права и неформальности, рассматривается вопрос о том, может ли такая форма международного сотрудничества, как БРИКС, стать альтернативным или дополняющим форумом для сотрудничества и согласования взаимоприемлемых решений по вопросам, касающимся международного нормотворчества. Автор предлагает концептуальную дискуссию о том, должна ли обязанность сотрудничать, чтобы быть действительно эффективной, основываться на принципах, закрепленных в рамках БРИКС, таких как многополярность, инклюзивность и взаимная выгода, и отражают ли эти принципы прогрессивное развитие принципа международного сотрудничества. Кроме того, может ли «мягкий» характер БРИКС и ее подход к принципу сотрудничества быть одним из путей преодоления сегодняшнего кризиса, с которым сталкиваются классические международные организации.ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ. Автор статьи утверждает, что с учетом феномена БРИКС международное право должно эволюционировать, ориентируясь на прогрессивное развитие принципа международного сотрудничества. Это повысит эффективность международного права в условиях сегодняшнего кризиса классических международных организаций. БРИКС можно рассматривать как «мягкий» институт (по аналогии с так называемым мягким правом), который как минимум дополняет классические международные организации или как максимум может их заменить. Национальные интересы, многополярность, инклюзивность и взаимная выгода как основные принципы, отражающие развитие сотрудничества в рамках БРИКС, должны быть положены в основу прогрессивного развития международно-правового принципа международного сотрудничества.

INTRODUCTION. This article discusses how such principle of international law as principle of cooperation develops within the BRICS. The choice of this topic is based on the fact that today we are facing crisis of classical international organizations, such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organization on the one hand and on the other hand active and effective development of international cooperation within the BRICS. However, BRICS does not possess international legal capacity. This means that, it does not possess international rights and obligations; it cannot act as subject of international law. From the first sight these facts should be regarded as obvious weakness of such form of international cooperation as BRICS. However, this form of cooperation as will be shown in this article have demonstrated its effectiveness in development of international cooperation in various spheres. Alongside with that, BRICS attracted very little attention in the international legal scholarship and was predominantly assessed by political science and political economy. This article is aimed at filling this gap, assessing BRICS from international legal perspective.MATERIALS AND METHODS. General scientific methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction), special legal methods (formal-legal, technical-legal, method of legal analogy), comparative legal and case study method were used in the presented research.RESEARCH METHODS. This article elaborates on new landscape of international legal principle of international cooperation through soft law-making and informality addressing the question whether such form of international cooperation as BRICS may provide an alternate or a complementary forum to cooperate and agree to mutually acceptable decisions on matters relating to international rulemaking. The author proposes conceptual discussion on whether duty to cooperate, to be indeed effective, should be based on the principles enshrined in the BRICS instruments such as multipolarity, inclusiveness and mutual benefit and whether these instruments reflect progressive development of principle of international cooperation. The author continues with a discussion on whether “soft” nature of BRICS and its approach to the principle of cooperation could provide a way to overcome today’s crisis that classic international organizations are facing.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The author of this paper argues that considering BRICS phenomena, international law should evolve focusing on progressive development of principle of international cooperation. This will increase efficiency of international law under today’s crisis of classical international organizations. BRICS could be regarded as a soft institution (by analogy with so called “soft law”) which at least supplement classical international organizations or at most may substitute them. National interests, multipolarity, inclusiveness and mutual benefit as main pillars reflecting development of cooperation withing the BRICS should be taken as basis for progressive development of international legal principle of international cooperation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.