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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2025-1-96-109</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-2850</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ ПРАВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Финансирование развития: международно-правовые проблемы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Financing for Development: International Legal Issues</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5260-2582</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королёв</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korolyov</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел Сергеевич Королёв, аспирант кафедры международного права Юридического института, Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы (РУДН)</p><p>Миклухо-Маклая ул., д. 6, г. Москва, 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel S. Korolyov, postgraduate student of the International Law Department of Law Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</p><p>6,  Miklukho-Maklaya  St.,  Moscow,  117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">1142220711@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы (РУДН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>96</fpage><lpage>109</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Королёв П.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Королёв П.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korolyov P.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2850">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2850</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Финансирование развития является важнейшим аспектом глобального экономического управления, обеспечивающим социально-экономический прогресс государств. Современная международная финансовая архитектура, сформировавшаяся после Второй мировой войны, сталкивается с новыми вызовами, включая рост долгового бремени развивающихся стран, недостаточную доступность финансовых ресурсов и дисбаланс в механизмах принятия решений международными финансовыми институтами. В статье рассматриваются международно-правовые проблемы финансирования развития, включая необходимость реформирования Международного валютного фонда (далее – МВФ) и Всемирного банка, а также расширение механизмов специальных прав заимствования (далее – СПЗ).</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Настоящее исследование основано на анализе большого объема материалов, включая международно-правовые акты, акты рекомендательного характера, а также современные доктринальные исследования российских и зарубежных авторов. Методологическую основу исследования составили общенаучные (метод логического и системного анализа, дедукции и индукции) и частнонаучные (историко-правовой, сравнительно-правовой, формально-юридический методы) методы познания, с помощью которых была определена эволюция международной финансовой системы и проанализированы оценки предложений по ее реформированию.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. В ходе проведенного исследования автор изучил международные инициативы, направленные на реформирование финансовых институтов, включая изменения в системе квот МВФ, пересмотр принципов управления Всемирным банком и разработку новых инструментов глобального экономического регулирования. Было установлено, что существующая международная финансовая архитектура не отвечает потребностям современного глобального экономического управления. По итогам исследования были выявлены ключевые структурные недостатки действующей международной финансовой системы: высокие издержки заимствования для развивающихся стран, недостаточная инклюзивность механизмов принятия решений, ограниченный доступ государств к международным финансовым ресурсам.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ. Автор в рамках настоящей статьи попытался обосновать необходимость создания более прозрачной и инклюзивной глобальной финансовой системы, ориентированной на устойчивое развитие и защиту экономических интересов всех государств; отметил, что современные механизмы распределения финансовых ресурсов требуют пересмотра с учетом глобальных экономических реалий, а дальнейшее совершенствование международно-правового регулирования в этой сфере потребует активного взаимодействия государств, международных организаций и финансовых институтов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. The global financial system plays a crucial role in development financing, ensuring economic stability and growth. However, the existing international financial architecture, primarily shaped by the Bretton Woods institutions, has been criticized for its inefficiencies, lack of inclusivity, and inability to meet the financial needs of developing economies. This article explores the legal dimensions of development financing, focusing on the governance of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, the role of Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), and the broader implications of financial reforms on global economic governance.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study employs a multidisciplinary legal approach, integrating international legal analysis with economic perspectives. The methodology includes a review of primary legal sources such as treaties, institutional regulations, and UN resolutions, alongside secondary sources, including academic literature and reports from international financial organizations. Comparative and historical analyses are used to assess past and present reform efforts.</p></sec><sec><title>RESEARCH RESULTS</title><p>RESEARCH RESULTS. The findings indicate that the current financial system disproportionately favors developed economies, limiting access to development financing for low-income and emerging economies. High borrowing costs, inadequate debt relief mechanisms, and restricted access to SDRs exacerbate economic inequalities. Recent reform proposals within the IMF and World Bank seek to address these disparities by adjusting voting rights, expanding SDR allocations, and revising financial regulations to promote fairer global economic governance.</p><p>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The study underscores the need for a fundamental restructuring of the international financial system to ensure equitable access to development financing. While recent proposals signal progress, their implementation depends on political will and international consensus. Future reforms should focus on enhancing transparency, strengthening financial resilience, and ensuring that global financial institutions serve the collective interests of all nations, not just the most economically powerful ones.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>финансирование развития</kwd><kwd>международная финансовая архитектура</kwd><kwd>реформирование МВФ</kwd><kwd>реформирование Всемирного банка</kwd><kwd>специальные права заимствования (СПЗ)</kwd><kwd>глобальное экономическое управление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>development financing</kwd><kwd>international financial architecture</kwd><kwd>IMF reform</kwd><kwd>World Bank reform</kwd><kwd>Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)</kwd><kwd>international economic regulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абашидзе А.Х., Солнцев А.М. 2024. 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