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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2018-4-44-53</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-285</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ ПРАВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ТОЛКОВАНИЕ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННЫХ МЕР В ПРАКТИКЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОГО АРБИТРАЖА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION OF INVESTMENT MEASURES IN PRACTICE OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT ARBITRATION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5771-0888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данельян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danelyan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор юридических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой международного права</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Juridical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of International Law,</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">danel1@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0593-3101</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магомедова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Magomedova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 2-го курса магистратуры по программе «Международное экономическое право»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2nd year student of the Master's Program “International Economic Law”</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.magomedova.96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Дипломатическая академия МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Diplomatic Academy MFA Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (Университет) МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) MFA Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Данельян А.А., Магомедова О.С., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Данельян А.А., Магомедова О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Danelyan A.A., Magomedova O.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/285">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/285</self-uri><abstract><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Развивающиеся государства заинтересованы как в притоке иностранных инвестиций, так и в их эффективном использовании в экономике страны. Для достижения этой цели государства-реципиенты устанавливают в своем национальном законодательстве инвестиционные меры торгового характера, именуемые “performance requirements” (требованиями достижения определенных, полезных для национальной экономики результатов). Интересы иностранных инвесторов и государств-реципиентов в вопросе мер, подпадающих под понятие “performance requirements”, в большинстве случаев не совпадают, поскольку указанные меры создают для иностранных инвесторов конкурентные ограничения, связанные с использованием их капиталовложений. Доктрине и практике известны инвестиционные меры торгового характера, представляющие собой так называемые требования экспортной составляющей, валютного баланса, местной составляющей и т.д. Возможность для иностранных инвесторов осуществлять инвестиционную деятельность без применения инвестиционных мер торгового характера являлась одной из главных проблем транснационального инвестирования. Соглашение ТРИМС и ст. 1106 НАФТА посвящены одному предмету регулирования – performance requirements. Идея ограничения этих мер обсуждалась одновременно на переговорах по НАФТА и в рамках Уругвайского раунда: разработанные положения похожи в отдельных аспектах, но имеют и свои характерные особенности. В статье рассматриваются нормы обоих соглашений в свете практики разрешения споров. Выводы арбитров анализируются в хронологическом порядке, что позволяет проследить эволюцию одной концепции в двух системах норм ВТО и НАФТА. Статья демонстрирует общность и различия толкования исследуемых норм с учетом контекста и целей соглашений. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Материалом для исследования послужили труды российских и зарубежных исследователей в области международного экономического права и права ВТО, международно-правовые акты, принятые в рамках ВТО и НАФТА, а также материалы судебной и арбитражной практики по инвестиционным спорам. Рассмотрение указанных материалов проходило на основе общенаучных и частнонаучных методов познания (диалектического метода, методов анализа и синтеза, дедукции и индукции, сравнительно-правового и историко-правового методов). РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Проведенный анализ показал, что инвестиционные меры, связанные с торговлей, являются частью перечисленных в ст. 1106 НАФТА performance requirements. Эти меры развитым государствам удалось отстоять в переговорах с развивающимися странами в ходе подготовки соглашения ТРИМС. Несмотря на целостность концепции инвестиционных требований, очевидна разница объемов охватываемых мер, а также различие понятий «тримс» и «performance requirements», обусловленное спецификой ВТО и особенностями НАФТА. Тем не менее в обоих случаях для решения схожих вопросов толкования, независимо друг от друга, на практике в ходе разрешения инвестиционных споров были разработаны единые критерии квалификации запрещаемых мер. ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ. В статье на основании анализа арбитражной практики по ТРИМС и по ст. 1106 НАФТА обосновывается вывод о параллельном развитии понятий «тримс» и “performance requirements”.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>INTRODUCTION. Developing States are interested in both the inflow of foreign investment and its efficient use in their national economies. In the furtherance of this objective, host States set in their national legislation trade-related investment measures, referred to as “performance requirements” (requirements to achieve certain national economically useful results). The interests of foreign investors and host States in the matter of measures falling within the concept of “performance requirements” mostly diverge, since these measures create for foreign investors competitive restrictions related to the use of their investments. In legal science and practice there are known trade-related investment measures, such as export requirements, foreign exchange restrictions, local content requirements and others. The possibility for foreign investors to invest without performing trade-related investment measures was one of the main problems of transnational investment. The TRIMs agreement and Art. 1106 of NAFTA are devoted to the sole subject of regulation – “performance requirements”. The idea of limiting these measures was simultaneously discussed in the NAFTA negotiations and within the Uruguay round: the elaborated provisions are similar in some aspects, but have their specific characteristics. The article deals with the rules of both agreements in light of dispute settlement practice. The conclusions of the arbitrators are analyzed in chronological order, which helps to trace the evolution of the single concept in two distinct systems of WTO and NAFTA rules. The article demonstrates the common points and differences in the interpretation of the concerned provisions norms, with consideration for the context and objectives of the agreements. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The materials used in the article include the works of Russian and foreign scholars in the field of international economic law and WTO law, international legal documents adopted within the WTO and NAFTA, as well as materials of judicial and arbitration practice of investment disputes. The research was done on the basis of general and specific scientific methods of cognition (dialectical method, analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, comparative legal and historical-legal methods). RESEARCH RESULTS. The analysis revealed that trade-related investment measures are part of the “performance requirements” listed in Art. 1106 of NAFTA, which developed countries managed to defend in negotiations with developing countries during the drafting of the TRIMs agreement. Despite the integrity of the concept of “investment requirements”, there is an evident difference in the scope of covered measures, as well as the conceptual difference between the notions of “trims” and “performance requirements”, due to the specifics of the WTO and NAFTA. Nevertheless, in both cases, common qualification criteria of prohibited measures have been developed independently from each other in the practice of investment disputes settlement in order to address similar issues of interpretation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. On the ground of the analysis of arbitration practice in the TRIMs and Art. 1106 of NAFTA, the article gives reasons for the conclusion of the parallel development of the concepts of “trade-related investment measures” and “performance requirements”.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инвестиционные меры</kwd><kwd>performance requirements</kwd><kwd>ТРИМС</kwd><kwd>ВТО</kwd><kwd>НАФТА</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>investment measures</kwd><kwd>performance requirements</kwd><kwd>TRIMs Agreement</kwd><kwd>WTO</kwd><kwd>NAFTA</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bogatyrev A.G. O mezhdunarodnom investitsionnom prave [On International Investment Law]. – Sovetskii zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo prava. 1991. No. 2. P. 17–27. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogatyrev A.G. 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