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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2024-4-57-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-2827</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДЕЙСТВИЕ ПРАВ ЧЕЛОВЕКА В ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE EFFECT OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN SPACE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Защита права ребенка на родословную и применение механизмов замены ухода государствами – членами Организации исламского сотрудничества</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Protection of the Right of the Child to Lineage and Application of Alternative Care Mechanisms by the Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2231-0598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пчелинцева</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pchelintseva</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валерия Викторовна Пчелинцева, аспирант</p><p>Вернадского п-т, д. 76, Москва, 119454</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeria V. Pchelintseva, Postgraduate student</p><p>76, Vernadskogo Ave., Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lintseva.l@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) Министерства иностранных дел России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пчелинцева В.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пчелинцева В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pchelintseva V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2827">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2827</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Согласно Венской декларации и программе действий 1993 г., в ходе международного сотрудничества в области защиты и поощрения прав человека необходимо иметь в виду значение национальной и региональной специфики и различных исторических, культурных и религиозных особенностей государств. Принятые под эгидой Организации исламского сотрудничества (далее – ОИС, Организация) международно-правовые акты закрепляют взаимосвязь между защитой и поощрением прав человека и охраной социальных систем государств – членов Организации. Цель данной статьи – выявить влияние исторических, культурных и религиозных особенностей государств – членов ОИС, лежащих в основе «права на родословную», закрепленного в решениях данной Организации, на международную защиту прав ребенка и применение механизмов замены ухода за детьми, лишенными семейного окружения, данными государствами.</p></sec><sec><title> МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p> МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Автор применяет системный и сравнительный метод к исследованию положений универсальных международноправовых актов, решений ОИС и национального законодательства государств-членов Организации. Предметом исследования являются международные отношения государств – членов ОИС, связанные с защитой права ребенка на родословную и применением механизмов замены ухода за детьми, лишенными семейного окружения. В результате исследования установлено влияние национального и международно-правового регулирования защиты родословной ребенка на толкование и применение универсальных норм о защите и поощрении прав ребенка.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Исламское право закрепляет правовые основы защиты родословной ребенка, под которой понимается его постоянная правовая связь с биологическими родителями. Государства – члены ОИС применяют доктринальную концепцию «родословной» при помощи нормативных терминов “ ” и “ ”, которые переводятся на английский язык при помощи понятий “lineage”, “descent”, “filiation” и “parentage”. Государства – члены ОИС указывают на необходимость защиты родословной ребенка в своих международно правовых позициях, однако недостаточная координация их внешней политики в сфере защиты прав ребенка не позволяет государствам эффективно защищать данные позиции в международных организациях и органах системы ООН. Термин «право на родословную», закрепленный в Декларации о правах и заботе о ребенке в исламе 1994 г. и проекте Джиддской Конвенции ОИС о правах ребенка, означает право на постоянную правовую связь ребенка с его биологическим отцом. Данное право неизвестно Конвенции о правах ребенка 1989 г. и не совпадает по содержанию ни с одним из закрепленных в ней прав.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ. Защиту родословной ребенка следует считать исторической, культурной и религиозной особенностью некоторых, но не всех государств – членов ОИС. Не существует единого подхода к  имплементации права ребенка на родословную. Позиции государств – членов ОИС по вопросам защиты родословной ребенка влияют на правовое регулирование механизмов замены ухода за детьми, временно или постоянно лишенных семейного окружения. Следует различать государства, допускающие полное усыновление, простое усыновление или несколько форм усыновления, а  также государства, запрещающие усыновление. Государства – члены ОИС придерживаются различных международно-правовых позиций по вопросам толкования и применения универсальных норм международного права о защите права ребенка, насколько это возможно, знать своих родителей и получать их заботу, а также права ребенка, лишенного семейного окружения, на замену ухода. Поскольку подходы государств к толкованию и применению положений универсальных международных договоров о защите прав ребенка, касающихся института усыновления, различны, их имплементацию следует считать делом, по существу относящимся к внутренней компетенции государства.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. According to the 1993 Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, during the international cooperation in the field of protection and promotion of human rights, national and regional particularities and various historical, cultural and religious backgrounds of States should be taken into account. The international law acts adopted under the auspices of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC, Organisation) enshrine the connection between protection and promotion of the rights of the child and the preservation of social systems of the Members of the Organisation. The present article aims to discover the effect of historical, cultural and religious backgrounds of OIC Members underlying “the right of the child to lineage”, as enshrined in the decisions of the Organisation, on the international protection of the rights of the child and application of mechanisms of alternative care for children deprived of family environment by these States.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article applies the system and comparative method to universal international legal acts, decisions of the OIC and national legislation of its Members. It focuses on legal measures taken by OIC Members aiming at protection of the right of the child to lineage and providing alternative care to children deprived of family environment. The research traces the impact of these measures on interpretation and application of the universal human rights norms.</p></sec><sec><title>RESEARCH RESULTS</title><p>RESEARCH RESULTS. Islamic law provides for protection of lineage which is defined as a permanent legal relationship between the child and his or her biological parents. The general doctrinal concept of “lineage” is applied in national legislation of OIC Members using the normative terms “ ” and “ ” which are commonly translated as “lineage”, “descent”, “filiation” or “parentage”. OIC Members refer to protection of lineage in their international legal positions but lack coordination in assertion of their arguments in international organisations and organs of the UN system. The term “right to lineage”, as enshrined in the 1994 Declaration on the Rights and Care of the Child in Islam and the 2020 Draft Jeddah OIC Convention on the Rights of the Child, indicates the right of the child to a permanent legal relationship of lineage towards his or her biological father. The right to lineage is unknown to the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child and differs in its scope from any right enshrined in the Convention.</p><p>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Protection of lineage should be regarded as a national and regional particularity of certain, but not all, OIC Members. No uniform approach to its implementation exists among OIC Members. Their standpoints with regard to the protection of lineage affect the legal regulation of the mechanisms of alternative care for children deprived of family environment. One should distinguish States allowing full adoption, States allowing simple adoption, States allowing several forms of adoption and States prohibiting adoption. OIC Members assert different international legal positions concerning interpretation and application of universal treaty norms governing the right of the child, as far as possible, to know and be cared for by parents, as well as the right of a child temporarily or permanently deprived of the family environment to special protection and assistance. Given that the approach to interpretation and application of the provisions of universal treaties on the rights of the child concerning adoption differs from State to State, their implementation should be considered a matter within domestic jurisdiction of States.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>права человека</kwd><kwd>права ребенка</kwd><kwd>Организация исламского сотрудничества</kwd><kwd>исламское право</kwd><kwd>право на родословную</kwd><kwd>замена ухода</kwd><kwd>усыновление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human rights</kwd><kwd>rights of the child</kwd><kwd>Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</kwd><kwd>Islamic law</kwd><kwd>right to lineage</kwd><kwd>alternative care</kwd><kwd>adoption</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Afrat S. 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