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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2024-4-46-56</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-2826</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДЕЙСТВИЕ ПРАВ ЧЕЛОВЕКА В ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE EFFECT OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN SPACE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Запрет евгенических практик в Европе: политико-правовые причины</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prohibition of Eugenic Practices in Europe: Political and Legal Reasons</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7965-715X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торкунова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Torkunova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Анатольевна Торкунова, Адвокат, кандидат юридических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры интеграционного права и прав человека</p><p>Вернадского п-т, д. 76, Москва, 119454</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Torkunova, Attorney, Cand Sci. (Law), Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Department of Integration and Human Rights Law</p><p>76, Vernadskogo Ave., Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">etorkunova@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) Министерства иностранных дел России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Торкунова Е.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Торкунова Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Torkunova E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2826">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2826</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Настоящая статья посвящена анализу комплекса политико-правовых причин закрепления запрета занятия евгеникой в европейском праве. В статье рассматриваются современный запрет евгеники в Хартии Европейского союза об основных правах 2000 г., запрет в международном уголовном праве, исторический опыт регулирования евгенических практик в странах Европы, а также новые вызовы в рассматриваемой сфере.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В научном исследовании рассмотрены международные договоры, конвенции, а также судебная практика. При подготовке исследования использовались общенаучные и частнонаучные методы познания (методы анализа и синтеза, дедукции, индукции, сравнительно-правовой и формальноюридический методы).</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Автор приходит к выводу о нескольких блоках причин современного запрета применения евгенических практик. Первый блок связан с криминализацией ряда евгенических практик, включая целенаправленную селекцию людей, на международном уровне после Второй мировой войны. Второй блок причин запрета евгеники обусловлен провалом политико-правового курса в ряде стран Европы (прежде всего, Скандинавии), связанного с ущемлением в репродуктивных правах определенных уязвимых социальных групп. Третий блок причин вызван попытками внедрения современных достижений биомедицины и генетики, затрагивающих репродукцию и геном человека, и способных негативным образом повлиять на интересы будущих поколений человечества.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЯ И ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЯ И ВЫВОДЫ. Новые вызовы евгеники сложно поддаются регулированию и зачастую не охватываются каким-либо запретом или правовым регулированием в целом. Очевидной угрозой является то, что занятия евгеникой в целях селекции людей, чему способствует развитие новейших биотехнологий, может стать инициативой гражданского общества без каких-либо государственных программ и политических курсов и основываться на деятельности негосударственных акторов или убеждениях частных лиц. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. This article is devoted to the analysis of the complex political and legal reasons behind the prohibition of eugenics in European law. The article examines the contemporary prohibition of eugenics in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union 2000, the ban in international criminal law, the historical regulation of eugenic practices in European countries, as well as new challenges in this area.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. The scientific study examines international treaties, conventions, and judicial practice. General scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition (methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction, induction, comparative legal and formal legal methods) were used in preparing the study.</p></sec><sec><title>RESEARCH RESULTS</title><p>RESEARCH RESULTS. The author concludes that there are several blocks of reasons for the modern prohibition on the regulation of eugenic practices. The first block of reasons for the prohibition of eugenics is linked to the criminalization of certain eugenic practices, including the deliberate selection of people, at the international level after World War II. The second block of the eugenics ban is due to the failure of the political and legal course in several European countries (primarily Scandinavia), associated with the infringement of reproductive rights of certain vulnerable social groups. The third block of reasons for the prohibition of eugenics is triggered by attempts to apply modern advances in biomedicine and genetics, affecting human reproduction and genome, which could adversely impact the interests of future generations of humanity.</p><p>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. New challenges of eugenics are difficult to regulate and are often not covered by any prohibition or legal regulation at all. An obvious threat is that eugenics for the purpose of human selection, facilitated by the development of new biotechnologies, may become an initiative of civil society without any state programs and policies and be based on the activities of non-state actors or the convictions of private individuals.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>права человека</kwd><kwd>целостность личности</kwd><kwd>евгеника</kwd><kwd>Европейский союз</kwd><kwd>Римский статут</kwd><kwd>страны Европы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human rights</kwd><kwd>personal integrity</kwd><kwd>eugenics</kwd><kwd>European Union</kwd><kwd>Rome Statute</kwd><kwd>European countries</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Игнатенко Г.В. 2003. Международный уголовный суд как субъект международного права. – Российский ежегодник международного права. Спец. выпуск. 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