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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2024-4-15-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-2824</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОСТРАНСТВО И ТЕРРИТОРИЯ: ОБЩИЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНО-ПРАВОВЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SPACE AND TERRITORY: GENERAL INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ISSUES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Правовые аспекты дезинтеграции: уроки выхода государств из европейских региональных организаций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Legal Aspects of Disintegration: Lessons of States’ Withdrawals from European Regional Organizations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5380-3028</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобов</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobov</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Борисович Лобов, Судья Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации</p><p>Сенатская площадь, д. 1, Санкт-Петербург, 190000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail B. Lobov, Judge of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation</p><p>1, Senatskaya Sq., Saint Petersburg, 190000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.b.lobov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Конституционный Суд Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лобов М.Б., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лобов М.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lobov M.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2824">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2824</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Европейский интеграционный проект, долгое время считавшийся выдающимся образцом восстановления прочного мира на континенте и залогом его процветания, все больше сталкивается с экзистенциальными рисками. Прецеденты выхода государств из европейских региональных организаций – Европейского союза (далее – ЕС, Евросоюз) и Совета Европы – заставляют критически переосмыслить их опыт и перспективы дальнейшего существования. Указанные события, при всей их уникальности, каждое по-своему пошатнули привычную архитектуру общеевропейского сотрудничества и заставили обратиться к углубленному изучению политических и правовых моделей выхода государств из европейских региональных организаций.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. При проведении исследования использован обширный массив международных и национальных норм, а также судебной практики, оформивших выход Великобритании из Евросоюза. Анализ проведен с использованием источников, связанных с длительным переговорным процессом, а также сопутствующих политико-правовых процессов в самой Великобритании. Привлечены публикации в средствах массовой информации, официальные выступления и заявления выдающихся правоведов и политиков. Исследование основано на углубленном изучении научной доктрины и практики, включая комментарии непосредственных участников ключевых событий. Помимо традиционных методов юридического анализа, при написании работы использовались исторический и диалектический подходы с целью сочетать исследование формально-юридической стороны дезинтеграционных процессов с их системным видением как взаимосвязанных элементов более общей динамики международного права и международных отношений.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. На примере Брекзита проанализированы правовые аспекты дезинтеграции, как сложного процесса размежевания государства с высоко организованным наднациональным союзом. С одной стороны, рассмотрено международно-правовое измерение дезинтеграционного процесса через денонсацию уставных международно-правовых актов и заключение новых договоров с целью «мягкого выхода», обеспечивающего поступательную трансформацию внутрисоюзных отношений в новые форматы, как с разрывом множества связей, так и с сохранением некоторых из них. С другой стороны, исследовано оформление процесса дезинтеграции и преодоление его последствий в  национальном правопорядке. Поступательное преобразование укорененных в британском праве элементов европейского правопорядка требует принятия тысяч нормативных актов, не говоря уже о пересмотре еще большего количества исходящих от ЕС правовых позиций в национальной судебной практике.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЯ И ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЯ И ВЫВОДЫ. Геополитические сдвиги в Европе и мире в сочетании с беспрецедентной деградацией политической и экономической ситуации внутри самого Евросоюза ставят под сомнение не только его дальнейшее лидерство, но даже его способность сохраниться в современном виде. Таким образом, сложившийся международный контекст заставляет взглянуть на опыт Брекзита в сравнительной перспективе и рассматривать его как весьма изощренную, хотя и далеко не единственную, правовую модель выхода из регионального интеграционного проекта. Несмотря на знаменательные различия между выходом Великобритании из ЕС и выходом России из Совета Европы, последний из которых заслуживает отдельного изучения, просматриваются и некоторые параллели между двумя событиями, как в плане их оформления в международном и внутреннем праве, так и в плане их значения для дальнейшей дезинтеграции на европейском пространстве.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Viewed for a long time as an outstanding example of restoring durable peace on the continent and a major precondition for its prosperity, the European integration project is increasingly running existential risks. The precedents of States’ withdrawals from the main European regional organisations – the European Union and the Council of Europe – command a critical review of both their experience and the perspectives for their continuing existence. While the aforementioned events were unique in nature, they have shaken in their own ways the long-established architecture of Pan-European cooperation and prompted in-depth studies of political and legal models of States’ withdrawals from European regional organisations.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study is based on a broad ensemble of international and national norms and case-law that have shaped the Great Britain’s exit from the European Union. The analysis has been nurtured by an array of sources connected with the long negotiation process and the parallel legal and political processes within the UK. Mass media publications have been used along with official speeches and statements by high-level lawyers and politicians. The research also benefits from an in-depth study of the doctrine and practice, including the commentaries by direct actors of the pivotal events. Beyond the traditional methods of legal analysis the author has used historic and dialectic approach with a view to combining the study of the formal legal sense of the desintegration processes with their systemic understanding as interconnected elements within the broader dynamics of international law and international relations.</p></sec><sec><title>RESEARCH RESULTS</title><p>RESEARCH RESULTS. The study has analysed through the prism of Brexit the legal aspects of desintegration as a complex process of the State’s desengaging from a highly organised supranational union. On the one hand, the article reviews the international-law dimension of the desintegration process through the denunciation of the statutory treaties and the conclusion of new ones with a view to a «soft exit», thus ensuring a progressive transformation of the intra-union relations into new formats, cutting off multiple connections, while preserving some others. On the other hand, the article explores the way the desintegration is framed and its consequences managed in national law. The progressive transformation of the nationaly rooted elements of the European legal order requires thousands of new legal acts, let alone the review of a more voluminous body of the EU-related case-law through national judicial decisions.</p><p>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The geopolitical shifts in Europe and the world, allied with the unprecedented deterioration of the political and economic situation within the European Union itself, raise doubts at both its continued leadership and even its capacity to survive in its present format. The current international context therefore commands a review of the Brexit experience in a comparative perspective, taking it as a highly sophisticated legal model, albeit not the only one, of withdrawal from the regional integration project. While the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the EU presents notable differences with Russia’s withdrawal from the Council of Europe, which deserves a separate study, certain parallels have been identified between the two phenomena both in terms of their framing in international and national law and in terms of their significance for further desintegration on the European arena. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Европейский союз</kwd><kwd>Совет Европы</kwd><kwd>европейская интеграция</kwd><kwd>европейское право</kwd><kwd>денонсация</kwd><kwd>дезинтеграция</kwd><kwd>Брекзит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>European integration</kwd><kwd>European Union</kwd><kwd>Council of Europe</kwd><kwd>European law</kwd><kwd>denunciation</kwd><kwd>desintegration</kwd><kwd>Brexit</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богдановская И.Ю. 2021. 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