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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2024-3-6-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-2805</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ISSUES OF THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Когда и почему возникла доктрина  «Международный порядок, основанный на правилах»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>When and Why the Doctrine of a  “Rules-Based International Order” Emerged</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-5979</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нефедов</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nefedov</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борис Иванович Нефедов  - доктор юридических наук, доцент, профессор департамента международных отношенийМясницкая ул., д. 20, Москва, 101000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris I. Nefedov  - Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Professor, Department of International Relations </p><p>20, Myasnitskaya st., Moscow,  101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">boris-nefedov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нефедов Б.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нефедов Б.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nefedov B.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2805">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2805</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Не будет преувеличением сказать, что западная доктрина «международный порядок, основанный на правилах» (или «порядок, основанный на правилах»), появившаяся в  противовес доктрине «Порядок, основанный на международном праве» («Международный порядок, основанный на международном праве») стала одной из самых обсуждаемых концепций в мировой политике в конце ХХ – начале ХХI вв. Основная идея западной доктрины состоит в обосновании существования неких общих правил поведения государств, которые, не являясь нормами jus cogens общего международного права, тем не менее становятся юридически обязательными для всех участников международных межгосударственных отношений. Тем самым эта концепция фактически ставит целью отказ от общепризнанного верховенства международного права в регулировании международных отношений, направлена на эрозию устоявшейся практики международного правотворчества. Тем не менее она активно используется ведущими западными державами мира и в качестве обоснования своих политических заявлений, и как аргумент обвинения стратегических конкурентов в нежелании соблюдать эти самые келейно установленные ими «правила» в качестве юридически обязательных. Сущность и природу этой доктрины помогает определить ответ на вопрос о том, когда и почему она возникла.</p></sec><sec><title> МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p> МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Методологический инструментарий включает общенаучные и специальные методы, в том числе исторический метод, методы формальной логики, анализа, синтеза, а также системные и сравнительно-правовые методы.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. В ходе исследования были сделаны выводы о том, что доктрина «Международный порядок, основанный на правилах» была введена в международный и дипломатический оборот в начале 1992 г., и ее появление явилось следствием разрушения Советского Союза и началом формирования на тот период моноцентричного мира.</p></sec><sec><title> ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ</title><p> ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ. В условиях возникшего было моноцентризма Соединенные Штаты посчитали возможным диктовать в одностороннем порядке (в крайнем случае со[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>]вместно с ближайшими союзниками) общеобязательные правила поведения в международных отношениях всему мировому сообществу. В сложившихся обстоятельствах доктрина международного порядка, основанного на правилах, давала им необходимое для оправдания подобной политики научное обоснование. В силу ряда причин эта доктрина первоначально получила в международной политике достаточно широкую поддержку, но затем в значительной степени утратила количество своих сторонников, а формирование мирового полицентризма фактически свело на нет те цели, для оправдания которых она была создана.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. It is no understatement to say that the “rules-based international order” doctrine, as opposed to the “international order based on law”, has emerged as one of the most debated concepts in global politics during in the late ХХ and early ХХI centuries. This concept presents a framework where general rules of conduct for states, though not norms of jus cogens under general international law, are considered legally binding for all states and other participants in international relations. Consequently, it challenges the traditionally recognized supremacy of international law in governing these relations, seeking to erode established practices of international law-making. This doctrine is actively utilized by leading Western powers to substantiate their political positions and accuse strategic competitors of failing to adhere to these “rules” deemed as legally binding. Understanding the essence and origin of this doctrine is crucial in unraveling its significance.</p></sec><sec><title> MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p> MATERIALS AND METHODS. The set of used methodological approaches encompass a range of general scientific and specialized methods, including historical analysis, formal logic, synthesis, as well as systemic and comparative legal methods.</p></sec><sec><title>RESEARCH RESULTS</title><p>RESEARCH RESULTS. The research indicates that the doctrine of a rules-based international order entered international diplomatic discourse in the early 1990s, arising as a consequence of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the emergence of a unipolar world.</p><p>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The author reaches the conclusion that in the context of this emerging unipolarity, the United States deemed it appropriate to unilaterally (or at most in conjunction with its closest allies) dictate universally binding rules of conduct in international relations to the global community. The doctrine of a rules-based internation[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>]al order provided the necessary scientific justification to validate such a policy. Initially, this doctrine garnered substantial support in international politics but subsequently faced a decline in its proponents, particularly with the shift towards a polycentric world order. While it continues to exist to some extent, the goals for which it was originally conceived have been largely nullified.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>международный порядок</kwd><kwd>основанный на правилах</kwd><kwd>международный порядок</kwd><kwd>основанный на международном праве</kwd><kwd>либеральный международный порядок</kwd><kwd>моноцентризм мира</kwd><kwd>полицентризм мира</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rules-based international order</kwd><kwd>international order based on law</kwd><kwd>liberal international order</kwd><kwd>unipolarity</kwd><kwd>polycentricity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев С.С. 1989. Общие дозволения и общие запреты в советском праве. М.: Юрид. лит. 288 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseev S.S. 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