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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2023-4-86-97</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-2766</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Международно-правовые вопросы сохранения морских генетических ресурсов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Legal Issues in the Conservation of Marine Genetic Resources</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8608-8346</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сотскова</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sotskova</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полина Викторовна Сотскова, аспирант кафедры международного права</p><p>Проспект Вернадского, д. 76, Москва, 119454</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina V. Sotskova, Post-graduate student at the Department of International Law</p><p>76, pr. Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">paulineterekhova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (Университет)&#13;
МИД Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) MFA Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сотскова П.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сотскова П.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sotskova P.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2766">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2766</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Вопросы сохранения биологического разнообразия в пространствах Мирового океана в настоящее время остро стоят перед сообществом государств в свете расширения масштабов экономической деятельности в таких пространствах и возможностей использования морских природных ресурсов. На универсальном договорном уровне предложен ответ на ряд вопросов, возникших в этой сфере: 4 марта 2023 г. был согласован текст Соглашения (на базе Конвенции Организации Объединенных Наций (далее – ООН) по морскому праву 1982 г.) с длинным названием: «О сохранении и устойчивом использовании морского биологического разнообразия в районах за пределами действия национальной юрисдикции» (далее – Соглашение). Прогнозируется, что вступление в будущем этого Соглашения в силу создаст многостороннюю правовую базу для сохранения биологического разнообразия в открытом море, при упорядоченном использовании его биоресурсов, для защиты такого разнообразия на основании принципа сотрудничества государств.</p><p>Цель статьи – проанализировать правовой режим сохранения морских генетических ресурсов с опорой на положения данного Соглашения как правовой основы сохранения морского биологического разнообразия.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Предметом данного исследования являются международные договоры, международно-правовые обычаи, общепризнанные принципы международного права и иные источники международного права в сфере сохранения морского биоразнообразия. Методологическая основа работы представлена широким кругом исследовательских методов, а именно: формально-юридическим, сравнительно-правовым, историко-правовым и системно-структурным методами. Кроме того, автор применил методы анализа и обобщения.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. В данной статье представлен комплексный анализ международно-правового режима морских генетических ресурсов с опорой на положения Соглашения на базе Конвенции ООН по морскому праву о сохранении и устойчивом использовании морского биоразнообразия в районах за пределами действия национальной юрисдикции. Рассмотрена история разработки проекта Соглашения, проанализированы его основные положения, отдельное внимание уделено содержащимся в нем новаторским правовым механизмам. Предложена авторская оценка содержания проекта Соглашения как универсальной правовой основы сохранения морского биологического разнообразия и пути дальнейшего укрепления международного сотрудничества в этой сфере.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ. В результате проведенного исследования можно констатировать, что текст Соглашения, подготовленный за многие годы переговоров и опубликованный в марте 2023 г., представляет собой знаменательное политико-правовое достижение универсального уровня в сфере сохранения биоразнообразия морской среды. При этом нельзя не отметить достаточно общий характер этого документа, а также то, что для вступления данного Соглашения в силу может потребоваться значительное время: объективно интересы развитых и развивающихся стран в рассматриваемой области далеко не всегда близки. Кроме того, каждое государство – участник Соглашения принимает обязательство среди прочего о том, что использование морских природных ресурсов должно быть связано с обязательством по защите морской среды, а это всегда чувствительно: ряд развитых государств, как известно, под предлогом экономической озабоченности навязывает развивающимся государствам «зеленую» продукцию своих предприятий, что еще больше усугубляет разрыв между ними.</p><p>В связи с вышесказанным автор приходит к выводу о том, что международное сообщество наряду с разработкой универсального международного договора могло бы пойти по пути разработки региональных соглашений для уточнения такого правового режима, что также способствовало бы упрочнению правового режима сохранения биоразнообразия на универсальном уровне.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Nowadays the issues concerning conservation of marine biological diversity become important for the community of States in the light of the expansion of the scale of economic activity in marine spaces and of the opportunities of using such resources. At the universal contractual level an answer was proposed to a number of questions that have arisen in this area: on March 4, 2023, the text of the Agreement (under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) with a long title: “on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction” was ﬁnalized. It is predicted that the entry into force of this Agreement in the future will create a multilateral legal basis for conservation of biological diversity on the high seas, with the orderly use of its biological resources, to protect such diversity based on the principle of cooperation between States.</p><p>The purpose of the article is to analyze the legal regime of marine genetic resources conservation based on the text of this Agreement.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. The subject of this study comprises international treaties, international customs, general principles of international law and other sources of international law related to conservation of marine biodiversity in general. The methodological basis of the research is represented by a wide range of research methods, namely: formal-legal, comparative-legal, historical-legal and system-structural methods. In addition, the author applied the methods of analysis and generalization.</p></sec><sec><title>RESEARCH RESULTS</title><p>RESEARCH RESULTS. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the international legal regime of marine genetic resources based on the provisions of the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction. The author considers the history of the development of the draﬅ Agreement, analyzes its main provisions, and pays special attention to its innovative legal mechanisms.</p><p>The author proposes their assessment of the content of the draﬅ Agreement as a universal legal basis for the conservation of marine biological diversity, and suggests some options for strengthening international cooperation in this area.</p><p>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. As a result of the study, it can be stated that the draﬅ Agreement, prepared over many years of negotiations and published in March 2023, is a signiﬁcant political and legal achievement of a universal level in the ﬁeld of marine biodiversity conservation. At the same time, one can not fail to note the rather general nature of this document, as well as the fact that the entry into force of the Agreement may also require considerable time: objectively, the interests of developed and developing countries in this area are not always close; moreover, each State party to the Agreement accepts the obligation, among other things, that the use of marine natural resources should be linked to the obligation to protect marine environment, and this is always sensitive: a number of developed countries, as is known, under the pretext of economic concern, impose on developing States “green” products of their enterprises, which exacerbates the gap between developed and developing States.</p><p>That is why the author comes to the conclusion that the international community, along with the development of a universal international treaty, could take the path of developing regional agreements to clarify such a legal regime, which would also contribute to the strengthening of the legal regime for biodiversity conservation at the universal level.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>морское биологическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>международное экологическое право</kwd><kwd>международное морское право</kwd><kwd>районы за пределами действия национальной юрисдикции</kwd><kwd>охрана окружающей среды</kwd><kwd>морские генетические ресурсы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Marine Biological Diversity</kwd><kwd>International Environmental Law</kwd><kwd>International Maritime Law</kwd><kwd>Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction</kwd><kwd>Environmental Protection</kwd><kwd>Marine Genetic Resources</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Боброва Ю.В., Боржиа Ф. 2022. 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