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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2023-4-35-49</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-2762</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Борьба с загрязнением пластмассами в международном праве: lex lata и lex ferenda</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Combating plastic pollution in international law: lex lata and lex ferenda</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9804-8912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солнцев</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solntsev</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Михайлович Солнцев, кандидат юридических наук, доцент, заместитель заведующего кафедрой международного права</p><p>Ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, Москва, 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander M. Solntsev, Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Deputy Head of the Department of International Law</p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">solntsev_am@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы (РУДН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Солнцев А.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Солнцев А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Solntsev A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2762">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2762</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Мировое производство пластмассы выросло с 1,5 млн т в 1950 г. до 390 млн т в2021 г., причем из них только 9 % было рециркулировано, 19 % было сожжено, практически 50 % было удалено на полигонах и 22 % было сброшено на свалках, где эти отходы могли быть открыто сожжены или попасть обратно в окружающую среду. Пластмассы изменили глобальную экономику и жизни миллиардов людей в лучшую сторону. Однако их использование сопряжено со значительными экологическими и социальными издержками. Пластмассовые отходы отрицательно влияют на здоровье человека и окружающую среду. Жизненный цикл пластмассы охватывает весь спектр деятельности начиная от добычи сырья, производства, распространения, использования, и заканчивая ее удалением как отходов, а экологические проблемы могут возникать на любом из этапов жизненного цикла пластмассы. Большая часть пластмассы разлагается очень медленно. В настоящее время имеется ряд международных договоров и актов мягкого права, направленных на сокращение объемов пластикового загрязнения, однако ни один из международных документов не предусматривает глобальной и обязательной задачи по сокращению загрязнения пластмассами. В связи с этим многие государства, а также коммерческие субъекты и гражданское общество призывают к принятию глобального обязательного документа, регулирующего загрязнение морской среды мусором и пластмассами. В рамках настоящей статьи существенное внимание уделено анализу будущего договора, направленного на борьбу с пластиковым загрязнением.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Настоящее исследование основано на анализе большого объема материалов, включая международно-правовые акты, акты рекомендательного характера, а также на современных доктринальных исследованиях российских и зарубежных авторов. Методологическую основу исследования составили общенаучные (метод логического и системного анализа, диалектический метод, методы дедукции и индукции) и частнонаучные (историко-правовой, сравнительно-правовой, формально-юридический методы, метод правового моделирования и прогнозирования) методы познания.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. В ходе проведенного исследования проанализированы различные международные акты обязательного и рекомендательного характера, обобщены изложенные в научной литературе доктринальные позиции, выдвинутые отечественными и зарубежными правоведами, выявлены основные проблемы противодействия загрязнения окружающей среды пластиком.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ. В рамках настоящей статьи сделана попытка дать ответы на следующие вопросы: насколько проблема пластикового загрязнения является важным вызовом для современного международного права, эффективно ли действующее международное право регулирует проблему пластикового загрязнения, каково должно быть содержание нового договора по пластику и каковы позиции государств по его содержанию.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Global plastic production has increased from 1.5 million tons in 1950 to 390 million tons in 2021, of which only 9 % was recycled, 19 % was incinerated, almost 50 % was disposed of in landﬁlls and 22 % was dumped in landﬁlls, where this waste could be openly burned or released back into the environment. Plastics have changed the global economy and the lives of billions of people for the better. However, their use comes with signiﬁcant environmental and social costs. Plastic waste negatively aﬀects human health and the environment. The life cycle of plastics covers the entire spectrum of activities, from raw material extraction, production, distribution, use, to disposal as waste, and environmental problems can arise at any stage of the plastic life cycle. Most plastic degrades very slowly in the environment. There are currently a number of international commitments to reduce marine litter and plastic waste, particularly from land-based sources, and several applicable international agreements and soﬅ law instruments related to trade in plastics or reducing impacts on marine life. However, none of the international documents provides a global, mandatory, speciﬁc and measurable target to reduce plastic pollution. In this regard, many states, as well as commercial actors and civil society, are calling for the adoption of a global instrument to regulate marine pollution from litter and plastics. In this article, signiﬁcant attention is paid to the analysis of a future treaty aimed at combating plastic pollution.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study is based on the analysis of a large volume of materials, including international legal acts, advisory acts, as well as modern doctrinal studies by Russian and foreign authors. The methodological basis of the study was general scientiﬁc (method of logical and system analysis, dialectical method, methods of deduction and induction) and special scientiﬁc (historical-legal, comparative-legal, formal legal methods, method of legal modeling and forecasting) methods of cognition.</p></sec><sec><title>RESEARCH RESULTS</title><p>RESEARCH RESULTS. In the course of the study, various international acts of a mandatory and recommendatory nature were analyzed, the doctrinal positions set out in the scientiﬁc literature, put forward by domestic and foreign legal scholars, were summarized, and the main problems of combating plastic pollution were identiﬁed.</p><p>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Within the framework of this article, an attempt has been made to give answers to the following questions: to what extent the problem of plastic pollution is an important challenge for modern international law, whether current international law eﬀectively regulates the problem of plastic pollution, what should be the content of a new treaty on plastic and what are the positions of states on its content.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>международное экологическое право</kwd><kwd>международные экологические соглашения</kwd><kwd>борьба с пластиковым загрязнением</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>international environmental law</kwd><kwd>international environmental agreements</kwd><kwd>combating plastic pollution</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абашидзе А.Х. [и др.]. 2018. 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