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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2023-2-38-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-2741</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ ПРАВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генеральные соглашения Валютного комитета  как международные договорные стандарты  для валютных деривативов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Foreign Exchange Committee Master Agreements  as International Contractual Standards for Foreign  Exchange Derivatives</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6598-507X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клементьев</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klementyev</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Петрович Клементьев - старший преподаватель Департамента правового регулирования бизнеса</p><p>109028,  Москва, ул. Мясницкая, д. 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey P. Klementyev - Senior Lecturer of the School of Legal Regulation of Business </p><p>20, ul. Myasnitskaya, Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aklementiev@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» <country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Research University – Higher School of Economics<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Клементьев А.П., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клементьев А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klementyev A.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2741">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2741</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Генеральное соглашение Международной ассоциации по свопам и деривативам (МАСД) возможно является наиболее авторитетным трансграничным договорным стандартом в мире финансов. Оно также служит примером для авторов стандартной документации локального масштаба, составляемой с целью правового регулирования порядка заключения и исполнения внебиржевых деривативных сделок при помощи двухсторонних договоров. Однако, международные стандартные договоры не ограничиваются соглашениями МАСД. Валютный комитет (ВК) предлагает альтернативу документации этой влиятельной профессиональной ассоциации для заключения сделок с иностранной валютой, которая представляется достойной внимания.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Международное рамочное соглашение для валютных сделок и опционов (МРСВСО) и другие рамочные договоры послужили основным материалом для настоящей публикации. Ее методологическая основа представлена общенаучными методами (анализ, синтез, индукция, дедукция), а также специальными юридическими методами. В частности, формальный юридический метод применялся для буквального толкования положений документации ВК, исторический метод использовался для описания процесса развития соглашений ВК, а сравнительно-правовой метод был применен для сопоставительного анализа законодательства разных стран, где это было целесообразно.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. В статье приведен общий анализ рамочных договоров на финансовых рынках с целью рассмотрения рамочных соглашений ВК в более широком контексте стандартной документации на финансовых рынках. Анализ рамочных договоров ВК проведен путем рассмотрения порядка заключения и исполнения валютных сделок, а также договорных механизмов снижения риска, таких как ликвидационный неттинг и применение финансового обеспечения. Также статья затрагивает вопросы применимого права и принудительного исполнения договорных положений в контексте российского правового регулирования. Хотя российский суд признает выбор права сторонами соответствующего рамочного соглашения ВК, обращение взыскания на обеспечение и ликвидационный неттинг в ходе несостоятельности российских юридических лиц не гарантированы в силу отсутствия признания соглашений ВК российскими властями.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что рамочные договоры ВК не в состоянии составить конкуренцию документации МАСД. Однако, они востребованы среди определенных финансовых институтов, активных на валютном рынке. Кроме того, в отличие от МАСД ВК не ограничил доступ к своей документации для российских сторон и не исключил российские лица из перечня своих членов. Для развития отечественного валютного рынка представляется целесообразным расширить перечень признаваемых рамочных соглашений путем включения в него соглашений ВК. Такое расширение не только позволит в большей степени соответствовать требованиям УНИДРУА, но и соответствует целям заключения сделок с банками из «дружественных» России юрисдикций.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. The ISDA Master Agreement is possibly the most authoritative cross-border contractual standard in the world of financial markets. It also serves as an example for the local transactional documentation drafters in various countries to regulate the conclusion and performance of over-the-counter derivatives transactions by means of bilateral contracts. However, international master agreements for derivatives and other financial products are not limited to the templates produced by International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA). Foreign Exchange Committee (FXC) suggests a remarkable alternative to the documents maintained by this powerful industry club as far as transactions with foreign currency are concerned.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. International Foreign Exchange and Currency Option Master Agreement (IFXCO) and other FXC master agreements served as primary sources of the present article. Its methodological base is represented by general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) as well as specific legal research methods. In particular, formal legal method was employed for the literal interpretation of the provisions of FXC standard documentation, historical method was invoked to describe the evolution of standard FXC templates, while comparative legal method was used to undertake a comparative analysis of insolvency laws where appropriate.</p></sec><sec><title>RESEARCH RESULTS</title><p>RESEARCH RESULTS. The article gives a general overview of master agreements in financial markets to put FXC documentation into a broader context of standard contracts publication in financial markets. The analysis of FXC master agreements is carried out through conclusion and performance of FX transactions as well as risk mitigation mechanisms analysis such as close-out netting and collateral. Moreover, the article covers governing law and enforceability issues as well as puts FXC documentation into Russian legal context. Although Russian court, with a high degree of probability, will recognize the choice of governing law made by the parties to the relevant master agreement published by FXC, the enforceability of collateral and close-out netting provisions amidst the bankruptcy of a Russian entity is not secured due to non-recognition of FXC documentation by the Russian authorities.</p><p>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Author comes to conclusion that despite FXC master agreements are not able to compete with ISDA documentation. However, they are popular with certain financial institutions active in foreign exchange markets. To facilitate the development of Russian financial market the list of recognized master agreements should be broadened by addition of documentation produced by FXC. Arguably, it is necessary to amend these provisions and make them compliant with UNIDROIT as well for the purposes of transactions with banks from the countries considered “friendly” to Russia.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>деривативы</kwd><kwd>валютные  сделки</kwd><kwd>международные контракты</kwd><kwd>Валютный  комитет</kwd><kwd>ISDA</kwd><kwd>неттинг</kwd><kwd>рамочный договор</kwd><kwd>финансовое обеспечение</kwd><kwd>lex mercatoria</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>derivatives</kwd><kwd>foreign exchange transactions</kwd><kwd>international contracts</kwd><kwd>Foreign Exchange  Committee</kwd><kwd>ISDA</kwd><kwd>netting</kwd><kwd>master agreement</kwd><kwd>financial collateral</kwd><kwd>lex mercatoria</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bamford C. Principles of International Financial Law. 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