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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2022-4-6-33</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-2711</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клаузулы устойчивого развития в международном морском праве</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sustainable Development Clauses in the International Law of the Sea</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4833-2525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вылегжанин</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vylegzhanin</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Николаевич Вылегжанин, доктор юридических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой международного права</p><p>Проспект Вернадского, д. 76, Москва, 119454</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander N. Vylegzhanin, Doctor of Juridical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of International Law</p><p>76, pr. Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">danilalvy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7162-2785</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корженяк</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korzhenyak</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Михайловна Корженяк, аспирантка кафедры международного права</p><p>Проспект Вернадского, д. 76, Москва, 119454</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia M. Korzhenyak, Postgraduate Student at the Department of International Law</p><p>76, pr. Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mihkor@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (Университет) МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) MFA Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>Специальный выпуск</issue-title><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вылегжанин А.Н., Корженяк А.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вылегжанин А.Н., Корженяк А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vylegzhanin A.N., Korzhenyak A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2711">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2711</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Международно-правовое содержание понятия «устойчивое развитие», столь часто встречающегося в международных договорах и выраженного подчас разными терминами, несомненно требует современного уточнения, как и место этого понятия в системе международного права. Во-первых, интерес представляет ответ на вопрос, как идеи устойчивого развития смогли достичь своей кристаллизации в качестве понятия международного права. Во-вторых, на примере договорных источников международного морского права, где это понятие особенно часто встречается, значимо выявление намерений государств-участников таких договоров рассматривать клаузулы об устойчивом развитии как юридические обязательства. В-третьих, важно определить, составляют ли эти клаузулы в настоящее время принцип международного морского права или же сохраняют статус отдельных договорных обязательств, не связанных между собой.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Статья подготовлена по результатам анализа, прежде всего, норм международного морского права, в которых используется понятие «устойчивое развитие», с привлечением научно-правовой литературы и судебных решений, имеющих отношение к теме. При проведении исследования задействованы методы юридического толкования, правового моделирования, анализа и синтеза, системный, структурно-функциональный, формально-логический, формально-юридический, историко-хронологический методы.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Проделанный анализ международных договоров, иных международно-правовых актов, применимых к теме, показывает, что давно высказанные идеи об «устойчивом развитии» имеют в настоящее время устоявшееся нормативное закрепление; что положения международных договоров об устойчивом развитии уже сформировались в качестве межотраслевого принципа международного права на стыке преимущественно международного морского и международного экологического права; что государства на практике принимают на себя конкретные обязательства, реализуют соответствующие права в рамках поддержания данного межотраслевого принципа. Предложено авторское видение содержания этого принципа, показаны его разнообразные проявления в международном морском праве.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ. По результатам исследования критически оценено преобладающее в западной международно-правовой литературе мнение о том, что идею устойчивого развития предложила комиссия, подготовившая в 1987 г. доклад «Наше общее будущее» («Доклад Брундтланд»). Показано, что эта идея возникла задолго до этого доклада, а начальные механизмы устойчивого развития были к 1987 г. уже отражены в действующих международных договорах. Предложен вывод о том, что международно-правовое понятие устойчивого развития обладает рядом кумулятивных составляющих, в совокупности определяющих его содержание. Среди них есть элементы, которые входят в данное понятие прежде всего по причине того, что служат средствами достижения целей устойчивого развития, имея гораздо более узкую сферу применения при их изолированном толковании. Международно-правовой принцип устойчивого развития нацелен на разрешение противоречия, в первую очередь, между правом государств на развитие и их обязанностью защищать окружающую среду, выполняя функцию «связующего звена», не позволяющего пренебрегать ни первым, ни вторым. Безусловно, значимо и его социальное измерение, хотя оно трактуется в международно-правовой литературе весьма различно.  В контексте современного международного права целесообразно говорить о межотраслевом характере принципа устойчивого развития: его юридическое содержание выходит за рамки отдельных отраслей международного права, в том числе международного морского, экологического, экономического права. Вместе с тем, большинство международных договоров универсального и особенно регионального характера, в которых содержатся в том или ином виде клаузулы устойчивого развития, в настоящее время относится к источникам международного морского права, что, впрочем, может измениться в будущем.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. The international legal content of the concept of sustainable development, so common in international treaties and sometimes expressed in different terms, undoubtedly requires modern clarification, as well as its place in the system of international law.  Firstly, it is interesting to answer the question of how ideas of sustainable development have resulted in their crystallization as a concept of international law. Secondly, using treaty sources of the international law of the sea, where this notion is particularly common, it is meaningful to identify the intentions of States parties to such treaties to consider sustainable development clauses as legal obligations. Thirdly, it is important to determine whether these clauses now constitute a principle of the international law of the sea or whether they retain the status of separate treaty obligations that are not interrelated.  </p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article is based on the analysis primarily of the norms of the international law of the sea, in which the term «sustainable development» is applied, with reference to the scientific and legal literature and judicial decisions relevant to the topic.  The research involves methods of legal construction, legal modeling, analysis and synthesis, systematic, struc­tural-functional, formal-logical, formal-legal, histori­cal and chronological methods.  </p></sec><sec><title>RESEARCH RESULTS</title><p>RESEARCH RESULTS. The analysis of international treaties and other international legal instruments applicable to the issue has shown that the long-standing ideas of «sustainable development» are now normatively well-established; that the provisions of international treaties on sustainable development have already developed as an inter-branch (cross-cutting) principle of international law at the intersection, primarily, of the international law of the sea and international environmental law; that States undertake in practice explicit obligations and exercise relevant rights in the framework of upholding this cross-cutting principle.  The authors’ vision of the content of this principle is offered and its various manifestations in the international law of the sea are shown.  </p><p>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The study critically evaluates the prevailing view in the Western international legal literature that the idea of sustainable development was suggested by the 1987 Report «Our Common Future» (the Brundtland Report). It has been shown that the idea predates this report, and that the initial mechanisms for sustainable development had already been reflected in existing interna­tional treaties by 1987. The suggestion is made that the international legal concept of sustainable development has several cumulative components that together define its content. Among these there are elements that are part of this concept primarily because they are means of achieving sustainable development goals, having a much narrower scope if interpreted in isolation. The international legal principle of sustainable development seeks to resolve the tensions primarily between the States’ right to development and their duty to protect the environment, serving as a nexus that ensures that neither the one nor the other is neglected. Its social dimension is undoubtedly significant, although it has been interpreted very differently in the interna­tional legal literature.  In the context of contemporary international law, it is expedient to assert an inter-branch (cross-cutting) nature of the sustainable development principle: its legal content extends beyond the scope of specific branches of international law, including international law of the sea, international environmental and economic law. However, most international treaties of a universal and especially regional character that contain some form of sustainable development clauses currently refer to sources of the international law of the sea, which may certainly change in the future.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>устойчивое развитие</kwd><kwd>устойчивое использование</kwd><kwd>устойчивое управление</kwd><kwd>принципы международного права</kwd><kwd>защита морской среды</kwd><kwd>принцип предосторожности</kwd><kwd>природоохранное сотрудничество</kwd><kwd>экосистемный подход</kwd><kwd>международное морское право</kwd><kwd>международное экологическое право</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sustainable development</kwd><kwd>sustainable use</kwd><kwd>sustainable management</kwd><kwd>principles of international law</kwd><kwd>protection of the marine environment</kwd><kwd>precautionary principle</kwd><kwd>environmental cooperation</kwd><kwd>ecosystem approach</kwd><kwd>international law of the sea</kwd><kwd>international environmental law</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абашидзе А.Х. 2017. 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