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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2022-3-119-128</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-2703</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ МОРСКОЕ ПРАВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LAW OF THE SEA</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Морская технология»: содержание термина по смыслу Конвенции ООН по морскому праву 1982 г.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>«Marine Technology»: Content of the Term under the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7547-8661</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рузакова</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ruzakova</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валерия Игоревна Рузакова, эксперт</p><p>119049</p><p>4-й Добрынинский пер., д. 8</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeria I. Ruzakova, Expert</p><p>119049</p><p>4-i Dobryninskii per.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ruz-valeriya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский совет по международным делам</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian International Affairs Council</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>119</fpage><lpage>128</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рузакова В.И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рузакова В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ruzakova V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2703">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2703</self-uri><abstract><p>   ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Принятая в конце XX века для решения наиболее актуальных на тот момент задач по регулированию международных отношений в Мировом океане (распределение и разграничение морских пространств, обеспечение равного доступа государств к ресурсам океана и пр.), Конвенция ООН по морскому праву 1982 г. представляет собой пример юридического текста, некоторые базовые положения которого требуют дополнительной трактовки. Тенденции глобализации, повлиявшие на развитие международного морского права, трансформация общего международного права, экологического права и исследований, проводимых в рамках реализации Цели 14 в области устойчивого развития («Сохранение и устойчивое использование океанов, морей и морских ресурсов в интересах устойчивого развития»), влекут за собой необходимость дополнительного уточнения терминов, которые используются в регулировании определенных аспектов международного морского права. В течение последнего десятилетия термин «морская технология» приобрел актуальность ввиду растущего технологического обмена государств и их сотрудничества. В то же время недостаточность юридической трактовки оригинального термина в Конвенции ООН 1982 г. затрудняет процесс передачи морской технологии, а также определения тех технологий, которые можно отнести к морким.</p><p>   Цель настоящего исследования — на основе применимых основополагающих международно-правовых источников проанализировать юридическое содержание термина «морская технология» в соответствии с Конвенцией ООН по морскому праву 1982 г.</p><p>   В рамках исследования выполнен историко-правовой анализ, анализ применимой международно-правовой литературы, а также содержания положений Конвенции ООН по морскому праву 1982 г. в контексте развития общего международного права и международного правосознания. Помимо непосредственного определения термина «морские технологии», в статье также дан анализ смежных понятий «доступный», «продвижение», «сопутствующая технология» и др., используемых в международно-правовых документах и литературе.   МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Настоящее исследование основывается на анализе применимых положений Конвенции ООН по морскому праву 1982 г. В анализе также использовались вспомогательные источники, такие как Резолюция ГА ООН A/RES/69/245 от 2014 г. о необходимости увеличения возможностей для передачи морского технологического потенциала, «Критерии и руководящие принципы в области передачи морской технологии» Межправительственной океанографической комиссии ЮНЕСКО, а также международно-правовая литература.   РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. В рамках настоящего исследования было проанализировано содержательное наполнение понятия «морская технология» в соответствии с применимыми положениями Конвенции ООН по морскому праву 1982 г.; был выделен ряд терминов, смежных с термином «морские технологии», применяемых в контексте разработки, передачи и эксплуатации морской технологии, а также дано их определение; выявлены и содержательно определены актуальные проблемы, связанные с необходимостью разграничения юридических терминов и уточнения их содержания для обеспечения роста эффективности применения положений Конвенции ООН по морскому праву 1982 года.   ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ. В ходе настоящего исследования автор прослеживает эволюцию термина «морская технология», анализирует его наполнение и приходит к выводу об уточнении содержания данного термина в контексте современной экологизации международного правосознания. Сегодня «морская технология» включает в себя не только средства и инструменты добычи морских ресурсов и полезных ископаемых недр морского дна, но и комплекс технологических решений, направленных на обеспечение реализации концепции устойчивого развития в ходе хозяйственной деятельности на море.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   INTRODUCTION. Adopted at the end of the 20th century and amidst the need to address the most pressing challenges at the time to regulate international relations in the World Ocean (delimitation of maritime spaces, ensuring equal access of states to ocean resources etc.), the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea is an example of a legal text, some basic provisions of which require further interpretation. In addition to globalization trends reflected in the development of international law of the sea, the transformation of general international law, environmental law and research carried out under Sustainable Development Goal 14 ("Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development") entail the need for further clarification of the content of those terms used to regulate certain aspects of international law of the sea. During the last decade, the term "marine technology" has gained relevance inview of the increasing technological exchange and cooperation among States. At the same time, the lack of legal interpretation of the original term in the UN Convention of 1982 presents a problem, making it difficult to transfer marine technology as well as to define those technologies that can be attributed to marine technology.</p><p>   The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal content of the term "marine technology" under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982, on the basis of the applicable international legal sources.</p><p>   The study includes a historical and legal analysis, an analysis of the applicable international legal literature as well as the content of the researched provisions of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in the context of the development of general international law and international jurisprudence. In addition to a direct definition of the term "marine technology", the article also analyses related concepts ("accessibility", "promotion", "related technology", etc.) used in international legal instruments and literature.   MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study is based on the analysis of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Supporting sources were also used in the analysis, such as the UN GA resolution A/RES/69/245 of 2014 on the need to increase opportunities for the transfer of marine technological potential, "Criteria and Guidelines for the transfer of marine technology" of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, as well as international legal literature.   RESEARCH RESULTS. The study analyzed the meaning of the term"marine technology" under the applicable provisions of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea; identified and gave a definition to a number of related terms used within the context of development, transfer and operation of marine technology; as well as identified and substantively defined the needfor distinguishing of the legal terms and clarifying their content in order to ensure greater efficiency of the applicable provisions of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.   DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Within the present study, the author traces the evolution of the content of the term "marine technology", analyzes its content and concludes that the scope of this term has been clarified in the context of the modern ecologisation of international legal consciousness. In this context, "marine technology" includes not only the means and tools for the extraction of marine resources and minerals from the seabed, but also, inter alia, a set of technological solutions aimed at ensuring the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in the course of economic activities at sea.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Конвенция ООН по морскому праву 1982 г.</kwd><kwd>морская технология</kwd><kwd>морское право</kwd><kwd>Межправительственная океанографическая комиссия ЮНЕСКО</kwd><kwd>передача технологий</kwd><kwd>международное экологическое право</kwd><kwd>разведка и разработка ресурсов</kwd><kwd>обмен технологиями</kwd><kwd>морские исследования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea</kwd><kwd>marine technology</kwd><kwd>law of the sea</kwd><kwd>UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission</kwd><kwd>technology transfer</kwd><kwd>international environmental law</kwd><kwd>exploration and development of resources</kwd><kwd>technology exchange</kwd><kwd>marine research</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alberts C. 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