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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2022-3-89-99</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-2701</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ И НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ПРАВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Брачно-семейное законодательство Израиля: предпосылки возникновения и развития</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Familial and Marital Law of the State of Israel: Premises of the Establishment and Development</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4230-9634</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ливиев</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Liviev</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Натан Манахимович Ливиев, соискатель ученой степени кандидата юридических наук</p><p>кафедра международного частного и гражданского права им. С. Н. Лебедева</p><p>119454</p><p>Проспект Вернадского, д. 76</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natan M. Liviev, Competitor for Candidate of Juridical Sciences Degree</p><p>Department of Private International and Civil Law</p><p>119454</p><p>76, pr. Vernadskogo</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liviev.lawoffice@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4931-4102</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зименкова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zimenkova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Николаевна Зименкова, кандидат юридических наук, доцент, профессор</p><p>кафедра международного частного права</p><p>119285</p><p>Воробьевское шоссе, д. 6a</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Zimenkova, Cand. Sci. (Law), Associate Professor, Professor at the Chair of Private International Law</p><p>119285</p><p>6a, Vorobiyovskoye shosse</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ozimenkova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (Университет) МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) MFA Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийская академия внешней торговли Министерства экономического развития Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Foreign Trade Academy of the Ministry for the Economic Development of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ливиев Н.М., Зименкова О.Н., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ливиев Н.М., Зименкова О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Liviev N.M., Zimenkova O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2701">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2701</self-uri><abstract><p>   ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Израиль является государством своеобразным и противоречивым. Законодательство страны, особенно в области брачно-семейных отношений, несомненно, уникально. Причины тому кроются в многовековой истории самой земли Эрец Израэль (земля Израиля) - таково историческое название страны. Брачно-семейное законодательство Израиля изменялось на протяжении веков под воздействием разных политических режимов, осуществлявших правление в стране. В определенный период времени основными нормами, определявшими всю общественную жизнь еврейского населения, были нормы религиозного права, включая и те, которые обязывали к неукоснительному соблюдению соответствующих норм поведения. Учитывая своеобразие традиционалистских норм иудейской правовой системы, влияние на них извне всегда оставалось затруднительным. Нормы иудейского права должны были неукоснительно соблюдаться всеми еврейскими общинами с целью сохранения еврейской культуры и идентичности народа. В течение столетий именно на изменение этих правил и норм были направлены многочисленные попытки со стороны, чтобы изменить, дискриминировать и даже уничтожить идентичность народа. В статье авторы рассматривают наиболее значимые периоды жизни еврейских общин в Земле Израиля. В том числе проводится анализ норм и правил, введенных при Оттоманской империи (с 1517 по 1917 гг.), рассмотрены декреты, принятые в период действия мандата Великобритании на управление Палестиной (1922-1948 гг.), Декларация независимости Израиля, принятая в 1948 г. и действующее законодательство.   МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Статья основана на действующем законодательстве Израиля в области регулирования брачных и семейных отношений, а также на религиозном сборнике правил и обязательств «Галахе», который продолжает действовать в израильском обществе. В статье затронуто законодательство Оттоманской империи и британско-палестинское законодательство, действовавшее в соответствующие периоды истории. Установлено, что большинство современных законодательных актов в области брачно-семейного права следуют принципам международного права, постановления Верховного Суда Израиля принимаются с учетом норм международного права, включая Конвенцию об искоренении всех форм дискриминации женщин 1948 г. Для достижения результата применялись общенаучный и специальные методы исследования, в том числе историко-правовой и сравнительно-правовой методы.   РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Результатом исследования является обзор действующего израильского брачно-семейного законодательства и иных традиционных религиозных правил и норм. Доказано, что, несмотря на строгость иудейских традиций, в соответствии с положениями Декларации о независимости Израиля 1948 г., Израиль является правовым и демократическим государством. Таким образом, в результате интеграции правовых принципов, свойственных демократическому государству, и традиционных норм иудейского права была создана современная правовая система Израиля. Механизмом существования этой системы служит уважение традиций и следование основным принципам демократии, в том числе принципам справедливости, равноправия и гуманизма. Это делает правовую систему Израиля уникальной во всех своих аспектах, включая нормы брачно- семейного права, которое соединяет в себе одновременно традиционализм и современное регулирование.   ОБСУЖДЕНИЯ И ВЫВОДЫ. В рамках настоящего исследования авторы установили, что брачно-семейное законодательство Израиля основано на нормах религиозного права, в его основе лежит свод традиционных правил и норм, носящий название «Галаха». С позиций развития права и практики определенную роль сыграли процессуальные нормы, введенные на территории Эрец Исраэль («Земли Израиля») в период Оттоманской империи. Определенное влияние на развитие права Израиля в целом оказало английское право в период Мандата Великобритании. Современное законодательство Израиля в сфере брачно-семейных отношений основано и учитывает международные соглашения, участниками которых является Израиль.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   INTRODUCTION. Israel is a diverse and controversial state. Its laws, especially those of the area of family and marital law, are distinctly unique. The reason being that throughout its centuries-long history Eretz Israel (the Land of Israel) – the historical name of the country, the structure of norms of this branch of law has gone through a set of changes under different political regimens. The government ruling over this holy land at a certain time period was to some extent influencing current social order and the lives of Jewish people, including such aspect as the performance of religious rituals.Considering the specificity of traditionalistic norms of Judean legal system attempts of influence on it from the outside have always been a big challenge. Those norms had to be strictly followed as it was of utmost importance for the conservation of the Jewish communities, Jewish culture and its authenticity, which for centuries has been challenged by many in attempts to modify, discriminate and even irradicate it. Hence, in this article the authors examined the most notable periods of the existence of Jewish communities in Eretz Israel. Inter alia there is an analysis of rules and measures introduced by the ruling system under the Ottoman Empire (from year 1517 to year 1917), of decrees present under the Mandate of Palestine (1922-1948), of the Israeli Declaration of Independence in 1948 and of current legislation.   MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article isbased on the current Israeli legislation which concerns familial and marital relations, as well as on traditional religious code of rules and obligations “Halakha” which is still in action in Israel’s society. In the article Ottoman and British-Palestinian legislation is mentioned which was in force during the corresponding historical periods of time. It is also stated that the majority of the legislative acts in the area of familial and marital relations follow the principles of the International law, the rulings of the Supreme court of Israel are made according to the norms of International law and, among other things, in consideration with the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women of 1979. For the achievement of result general and specific scientific methods of research were applied, in particular historical-legal and comparative-legal methods of study.   RESEARCH RESULTS. Research result consists in presentation of current Israeli familial and marital legislation and other religious traditional rules review. It is well-proven that despite the strictness of the Judean traditions, according to the clauses of the Israeli Declaration of Independence 1948, Israel being a Jewish state is also a modern and democratic one. Democratic principles of equality and humanism prevail in cases where in the proceedings regarding marital and family affairs where the rights of one of the parties are violated, every citizen of the state of Israel can appeal to the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court of Justice seeking a justified sentence and protection of one’s interests. Therefore, the result of the integration of the legal principles typical for democratic countries and the traditional norms of Judaism current legal system of the state of Israel was created. The mechanism of this system comes from the respect for the traditions whilst the main principles of democracy are also followed, namely those of justice, equality and humanism. This is what makes the legal system of Israel unique in every aspect, including the norms of familial and marital relations which integrate both traditional implementations and modern aspects.   DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. In the frames of the present research study the authors found that familial and marital law of Israel is based on norms of the Religious law, on a special code of rules and obligations called – “Halakha”. From the standpoint of the development of law and practice, a certain role was played by the procedural rules introduced in the territory of Eretz Israel during the period of Ottoman Empire. English law had a certain influence on the development of Israeli law in general during British Mandate of Palestine. Modern Israeli legislation in the field of marriage and family relations is based on and takes into account international agreements to which Israel is a party.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иудаизм</kwd><kwd>Галаха</kwd><kwd>традиционализм</kwd><kwd>раввинатский суд</kwd><kwd>Оттоманская империя</kwd><kwd>кади</kwd><kwd>Мандат Великобритании на управление Палестиной</kwd><kwd>киббутц</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Judaism</kwd><kwd>Halakha</kwd><kwd>traditionalism</kwd><kwd>Rabbinical Court</kwd><kwd>Ottoman Empire</kwd><kwd>kadi</kwd><kwd>the Mandate of Palestine</kwd><kwd>kibbutz</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ágoston G., Masters B. Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. New York: Facts On File. 2009. 650 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ágoston G., Masters B. Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. 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