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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2022-3-19-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-2697</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАВО МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL SECURITY LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вступление в силу Договора о запрещении ядерного оружия 2017  г.  и международно-правовые ограничения на его применение</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Entry into Force of the 2017 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons and International Legal Restrictions on its Use</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8330-9916</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марусин</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marusin</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Станиславович Марусин, доктор юридических наук, доцент, профессор</p><p>кафедра международного права</p><p>199034</p><p>Университетская наб., д.7/9</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor S. Marusin, Doctor of Juridical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professorat the Chair</p><p>Chair of International Law</p><p>199034</p><p>7-9, Universitetskaya nab.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.marusin@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Марусин И.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Марусин И.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Marusin I.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2697">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2697</self-uri><abstract><p>   ВВЕДЕНИЕ. В статье рассматриваются правовые последствия вступления в силу в январе 2021 г. Договора о запрещении ядерного оружия 2017 г., предусматривающего как полный запрет на применение этого оружия, так и запрет на владении им и его размещение на территории государств-участников.   МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Основой для статьи является анализ основных международно-правовых актов, определяющих в настоящее время режим ядерного оружия, Договор о нераспространении ядерного оружия 1968 г., Договор о запрещении ядерного оружия 2017 г. и Консультативное заключение Международного Суда ООН о законности угрозы и применения ядерного оружия 1996 г.</p><p>   РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Вступление Договора о запрещении ядерного оружия в силу подразделяет государства относительно применения этого оружия на две группы – государства-участники Договора, и государства, не участвующие в нем. Отныне на территории государств-участников ядерное оружие относится к запрещенным видам вооружений и применение его на этой территории как третьими государствами, так и самим государством-участником является военным преступлением. Применительно к территории других государств сохраняется прежний порядок применения ядерного оружия, правовые аспекты которого были рассмотрены Международным Судом ООН в его Консультативном заключении 1996 г. В статье анализируется это Заключение с точки зрения возможных изменений в тех правовых основаниях, на которые оно опирается.   ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ. Автор приходит к выводу, что таких изменений не произошло и что ключевые положения Консультативного заключения 1996 г. сохраняют свою силу, в том числе и положение, согласно которому не является неправомерным применение ядерного оружия государством, чье существование находится под угрозой. Можно считать, что государство находится в таком положении, если оно вступило в вооруженный конфликт с государством или группой государств, объединенных в военно-политическую организацию, имеющих значительно больший, чем у него, военный и экономический потенциал. При этом также не запрещается применение ядерного оружия против любого государства-члена подобной военно-политической организации независимо от его размеров.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   INTRODUCTION. The article analyzes the consequences of coming into force of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 2017. This Treaty forbids use of nuclear weapons and its deployment on territories of states, which ratified it.   MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article is based on the main international treaties, which regulate now the status of nuclear weapons – Non-proliferation treaty 1968, Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 2017 and also Advisory Opinion of UN International Court of Justice 1996.   RESEARCH RESULTS. Coming into force of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons subdivided states into two groups – the states-participants of this Treaty and states-non participants. On the territory of states-participants the use of nuclear weapons is prohibited and must be considered as war crime. On the territory of states- non-participants use of nuclear weapons preserves the same regime as before. This regime was considered by UN International Court of Justice in his Advisory Opinion on Legality of Threat and Use of Nuclear Weapons 1996. The article analyzes this Advisory Opinion.   DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Author comes to a conclusion, that all the legal foundations upon which is based this Advisory Opinion remains intact and also his central clause, according to which it is not forbidden for a state to use nuclear weapons when its survival is at stake. This situation may occur when such a state would be in armed conflict with a state or group of states – members of a military-political organization, which had much stronger military and economic potential. Also use of nuclear weapons is not forbidden against all members of this military-political organization.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>право международной безопасности</kwd><kwd>международное гуманитарное право</kwd><kwd>Договор о нераспространении ядерного оружия</kwd><kwd>Договор о запрещении ядерного оружия</kwd><kwd>оружие массового уничтожения</kwd><kwd>военные преступления</kwd><kwd>Международный Суд ООН</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>law of international security</kwd><kwd>international humanitarian law</kwd><kwd>Non-proliferation treaty</kwd><kwd>Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</kwd><kwd>weapons of mass destruction</kwd><kwd>war crimes</kwd><kwd>International Court of Justice</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Адами И. М. Договор о запрещении ядерного оружия: формирование нового режима? / И. М. 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