<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2018-3-18-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-269</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ В МЕЖДУНАРОДНОМ ПРАВЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESPONSIBILITY IN INTERNATIONAL LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МОГУТ ЛИ АНТИРОССИЙСКИЕ «САНКЦИИ» И РОССИЙСКИЕ ОТВЕТНЫЕ МЕРЫ БЫТЬ ОПРАВДАНЫ В РАМКАХ ВТО СООБРАЖЕНИЯМИ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ: ОБЪЕКТИВНЫЙ ИЛИ СУБЪЕКТИВНЫЙ ПОДХОД?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ARE RESTRICTIVE MEASURES AND COUNTERMEASURES JUSTIFIABLE BY WTO SECURITY EXCEPTIONS: OBJECTIVE OR SUBJECTIVE APPROACH? RESPONSIBILITY IN INTERNATIONAL LAW</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8843-3473</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боклан</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boklan</surname><given-names>Daria S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дарья Сергеевна Боклан, доктор юридических наук, профессор кафедры международного публичного и частного права, Факультет права</p><p>Москва Мясницкая ул., д. 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Juridical Sciences, Professor at the Department of Public and Private International Law, Faculty of Law</p><p>20, ul. Myasnitskaya, Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dboklan@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6694-4133</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абсалямов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Absaliamov</surname><given-names>Vadim V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вадим Вилевич Абсалямов, студент, Факультет права</p><p>Москва, Мясницкая ул., д. 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, Faculty of Law</p><p>20, ul. Myasnitskaya, Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vvabsalyamov@edu.hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-263X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курносов</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurnosov</surname><given-names>Yury S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Сергеевич Курносов, студент, Факультет права</p><p>Москва Мясницкая ул., д. 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, Faculty of Law</p><p>20, ul. Myasnitskaya, Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uscur@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University “Higher School of Economics”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Боклан Д.С., Абсалямов В.В., Курносов Ю.С., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Боклан Д.С., Абсалямов В.В., Курносов Ю.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Boklan D.S., Absaliamov V.V., Kurnosov Y.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/269">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/269</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Статья посвящена проблемам толкования так называемых Статей об исключениях по соображениям безопасности, действующих в рамках ВТО, а именно ст. XXI ГАТТ, ст. XIV-бис ГАТС и ст. 73 ТРИПС, в связи с возможностью их применения к мерам, ограничивающим торговлю, принятым против России, и российским контрмерам, исходя из презумпции, что указанные меры, ограничивающие торговлю, противоречат нормам ВТО.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В качестве материала для данной статьи использовались нормы общего международного права и нормы права ВТО, предусматривающие исключения по соображениям безопасности, а также практика их толкования международными судебными учреждениями, международными организациями и специалистами. Методологическую основу исследования составляют общенаучные и специальные методы.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Принимая во внимание недостаток практики и отсутствие общего подхода в рамках ВТО в отношении рассматриваемой проблемы, проведен анализ сферы действия Статей об исключениях по соображениям безопасности и юрисдикции третейских групп рассматривать вытекающие из них споры. В частности, в статье исследуется природа Статей об исключениях по соображениям безопасности на предмет возможности их применения третейскими группами при разрешении споров, т.е. анализируется возможность применения объективного или субъективного подхода к толкованию данных Статей.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ. Касательно возможности использования объективного подхода необходимо толкование таких терминов, как «существенные интересы безопасности», «чрезвычайные обстоятельства в международных отношениях» и «необходимые для защиты». Данный анализ необходимо осуществлять на основе норм общего международного права и подхода Апелляционного органа, в соответствии с которым ранее осуществленное толкование положений одного соглашения ВТО может быть использовано для определения содержания аналогичных понятий другого соглашения ВТО. Что касается субъективного подхода, то мы можем наблюдать тенденцию ограничения его применения в контексте принципа добросовестности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. This paper is devoted to interpretation of so-called WTO “Security Exception Articles”, namely Article XXI of the GATT, XIV bis of the GATS and 73 of the TRIPS Agreement with respect to their possible applicability to trade restrictive measures adopted against Russia, and Russian countermeasures, based on the assumption that these trade restrictive measures violate WTO disciplines.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. The materials for the article were norms of general international law and norms of WTO law, containing so-called security exception provisions and their respective interpretation by international tribunals, international organizations and scholars. The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific and special methods.</p></sec><sec><title>RESEARCH RESULTS</title><p>RESEARCH RESULTS. Taking into account that there is a lack of WTO jurisprudence and no common view of WTO members regarding the issue at hand, the analysis is based on the scope of Security Exception Articles and on the Panel’s jurisdiction to resolve disputes arising from them. In particular, the paper addresses whether security exceptions are of a self-declaratory nature; and, as it was stated by the GATT Council in 1985 in relation to the US trade embargo against Nicaragua, “the Panel cannot examine or judge the validity or motivation for the invocation of article XXI (b) (iii) by the United States” or whether it is possible to apply an objective test to Security Exception Articles.</p><p>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. With respect to the objective test, the interpretation of the following notions should be analyzed: “essential security interests”, “emergency in international relations” and “necessary to protect”. The analysis should be based on rules of general international law and the Appellate Body’s approach according to which previously established interpretations of certain provisions of one WTO Agreement can be used to inform the content of the same ‘words’ in another WTO Agreement. With respect to the subjective approach we may face a tendency to interpret “self-judging clause”, in the light of “a good faith” principle and therefore the issue at hand can be subject to the Dispute Settlement Body's analysis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВТО</kwd><kwd>исключения по соображениям безопасности</kwd><kwd>статья XXI ГАТТ</kwd><kwd>существенные интересы безопасности</kwd><kwd>чрезвычайные обстоятельства в международных отношениях</kwd><kwd>субъективный подход</kwd><kwd>объективный тест</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>WTO</kwd><kwd>Security exceptions</kwd><kwd>article XXI of the GATT</kwd><kwd>essential security interests</kwd><kwd>emergency in international relations</kwd><kwd>self-judging clause</kwd><kwd>objective test</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amanzholov Zh. M. 2007. Mnogostoronnie mezhdunarodnye dogovory v obespechenii vodnoi bezopasnosti v Tsentral'noi Azii [Multilateral International Treaties Ensuring Water Security in Central Asia]. – Moscow Journal of International Law. 2007. No. 4 (68). P. 226–244. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amanzholov Zh. M. 2007. Mnogostoronnie mezhdunarodnye dogovory v obespechenii vodnoi bezopasnosti v Tsentral'noi Azii [Multilateral International Treaties Ensuring Water Security in Central Asia]. – Moscow Journal of International Law. 2007. No. 4 (68). P. 226–244. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boklan D., Korshunova A. 2017. National Security as a Foundation and a Limit on a State's Right to Rely on Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources. – Kutafin University Law Review. Vol. 4. No. 2. P. 299–314. DOI: 10.17803/2313-5395.2017.2.8.299-314</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boklan D., Korshunova A. 2017. National Security as a Foundation and a Limit on a State's Right to Rely on Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources. – Kutafin University Law Review. Vol. 4. No. 2. P. 299–314. DOI: 10.17803/2313-5395.2017.2.8.299-314</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boklan D.S. 2014a. Praktika razresheniya mezhdunarodnym sudom OON sporov, vytekayushchikh iz mezhdunarodnykh ekologicheskikh i mezhdunarodnykh ekonomicheskikh otnoshenii [International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea Case Law on cases arising from international environmental and international economic relations]. – Mezhdunarodnoe pravosudie. No. 4. (12). P. 80–86. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boklan D.S. 2014a. Praktika razresheniya mezhdunarodnym sudom OON sporov, vytekayushchikh iz mezhdunarodnykh ekologicheskikh i mezhdunarodnykh ekonomicheskikh otnoshenii [International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea Case Law on cases arising from international environmental and international economic relations]. – Mezhdunarodnoe pravosudie. No. 4. (12). P. 80–86. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boklan D.S., Kopylov M.N. 2014. Vzaimodeistvie mezhdunarodnogo ekologicheskogo i mezhdunarodnogo ekonomicheskogo prava kak otraslei sistemy mezhdunarodnogo prava [Interconnection of International Environmental and International Economic Law as Branches of International Law]. – Moscow Journal of International Law. No. 3 (95). P. 171–191. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boklan D.S., Kopylov M.N. 2014. Vzaimodeistvie mezhdunarodnogo ekologicheskogo i mezhdunarodnogo ekonomicheskogo prava kak otraslei sistemy mezhdunarodnogo prava [Interconnection of International Environmental and International Economic Law as Branches of International Law]. – Moscow Journal of International Law. No. 3 (95). P. 171–191. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bossche P., Zdouc W. 2013. The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1045 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bossche P., Zdouc W. 2013. The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1045 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hahn M.J. 1991. Vital Interests and the Law of GATT: An Analysis of GATT's Security Exception. – Michigan Journal of International Law. Vol. 12. Issue 3. P. 558–620.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hahn M.J. 1991. Vital Interests and the Law of GATT: An Analysis of GATT's Security Exception. – Michigan Journal of International Law. Vol. 12. Issue 3. P. 558–620.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Investment Perspectives: Freedom of Investment in a Changing World. 2007. P. 93–134. URL: https:// www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/40243411.pdf (accessed date: 18.07.2018).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Investment Perspectives: Freedom of Investment in a Changing World. 2007. P. 93–134. URL: https:// www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/40243411.pdf (accessed date: 18.07.2018).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kemerova D., Zhalkubaev G. 2003. Water, Conflict and Regional Security in Central Asia revisited. – New York University Environmental Law Journal. Vol. 11. Issue 2. P. 479–502.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kemerova D., Zhalkubaev G. 2003. Water, Conflict and Regional Security in Central Asia revisited. – New York University Environmental Law Journal. Vol. 11. Issue 2. P. 479–502.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Low P., Marceau G., Reinaud J. 2012. Interface between the Trade and Climate Change Regimes: Scoping the Issues. – Journal of World Trade. Vol. 46. Issue 3. P. 485–505</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Low P., Marceau G., Reinaud J. 2012. Interface between the Trade and Climate Change Regimes: Scoping the Issues. – Journal of World Trade. Vol. 46. Issue 3. P. 485–505</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lukashuk I.I., Boklan D.S. 2003. The Concept of the US National Security and International Law: a View from Moscow. – Chinese Journal of International Law. Vol. 2. Issue 2. P. 587–597.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lukashuk I.I., Boklan D.S. 2003. The Concept of the US National Security and International Law: a View from Moscow. – Chinese Journal of International Law. Vol. 2. Issue 2. P. 587–597.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marceau G. 2001. Conflicts of Norms of Jurisdictions: The Relationship between the WTO Agreement and MEAs and Other Treaties. – Journal of World Trade. Vol. 35. Issue 6. P. 1081–1131.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marceau G. 2001. Conflicts of Norms of Jurisdictions: The Relationship between the WTO Agreement and MEAs and Other Treaties. – Journal of World Trade. Vol. 35. Issue 6. P. 1081–1131.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mavroidis P.C., Bermann G.A., Wu M. 2013. The Law of the World Trade Organization (WTO): Documents, Cases &amp; Analysis. 2nd ed. Saint Paul: West Academic Publishing. 1162 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mavroidis P.C., Bermann G.A., Wu M. 2013. The Law of the World Trade Organization (WTO): Documents, Cases &amp; Analysis. 2nd ed. Saint Paul: West Academic Publishing. 1162 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McRae D.M. 2000. The WTO in International Law: Tradition Continued or New Frontier? – Journal of International Economic Law. Vol. 3. Issue 1. P. 21–47</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McRae D.M. 2000. The WTO in International Law: Tradition Continued or New Frontier? – Journal of International Economic Law. Vol. 3. Issue 1. P. 21–47</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moon W.J. 2012. Essential Security Interests in International Investment Agreements. – Journal of International Economic Law. Vol. 15. Issue 2. P. 481–502. DOI: 10.1093/ jiel/jgs024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moon W.J. 2012. Essential Security Interests in International Investment Agreements. – Journal of International Economic Law. Vol. 15. Issue 2. P. 481–502. DOI: 10.1093/ jiel/jgs024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Note L. 2003. The Ambiguity of GATT Article XXI: Subtle Success or Rampant Failure? – Duke Law Journal. Vol. 52. P. 1277–1313.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Note L. 2003. The Ambiguity of GATT Article XXI: Subtle Success or Rampant Failure? – Duke Law Journal. Vol. 52. P. 1277–1313.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pauwelyn J. 2003. Conflict of Norms in Public International Law: How WTO law Relates to Other Norms of International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 491 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pauwelyn J. 2003. Conflict of Norms in Public International Law: How WTO law Relates to Other Norms of International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 491 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pauwelyn J. 2013. Carbon Leakage Measures and Border Tax Adjustments under WTO Law. – Research Handbook on Environment, Health and the WTO. Ed. by G. van Calster, D. Prevost. Cheltenham; Northampton: Edward Elgar P. 448–506.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pauwelyn J. 2013. Carbon Leakage Measures and Border Tax Adjustments under WTO Law. – Research Handbook on Environment, Health and the WTO. Ed. by G. van Calster, D. Prevost. Cheltenham; Northampton: Edward Elgar P. 448–506.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trachtman J.P. 2016. WTO Law Constraints on Border Tax Adjustment and Tax Credit Mechanisms to Reduce the Competitive Effects of Carbon Taxes. – 16-03 Resources for the Future Discussion Paper 1-41. 45 p. URL: http://www. rff.org/files/document/file/RFF-DP-16-03.pdf (accessed date: 17.07.2018).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trachtman J.P. 2016. WTO Law Constraints on Border Tax Adjustment and Tax Credit Mechanisms to Reduce the Competitive Effects of Carbon Taxes. – 16-03 Resources for the Future Discussion Paper 1-41. 45 p. URL: http://www. rff.org/files/document/file/RFF-DP-16-03.pdf (accessed date: 17.07.2018).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vorontsova N.A. 2015. Mezhdunarodno-pravovye normy vremennogo vvoza (dopuska) tovarov na territoriyu gosudarstv [International Legal Rules of the Temporary Entry (Admission) of Goods into the Territory of States]. – Moscow Journal of International Law. No. 2 (98). P. 93–106. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vorontsova N.A. 2015. Mezhdunarodno-pravovye normy vremennogo vvoza (dopuska) tovarov na territoriyu gosudarstv [International Legal Rules of the Temporary Entry (Admission) of Goods into the Territory of States]. – Moscow Journal of International Law. No. 2 (98). P. 93–106. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vorontsova N.A. 2017. Cozdanie setevykh al'yansov Rossiiskoi Federatsii s inostrannymi gosudarstvami i mezhdunarodnymi organizatsiyami [Creation of Network Alliances of the Russian Federation with Foreign States and International Organizations]. – Moscow Journal of International Law. No. 2. P. 136–143. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.24833/0869-0049-2017-106-2-136-143.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vorontsova N.A. 2017. Cozdanie setevykh al'yansov Rossiiskoi Federatsii s inostrannymi gosudarstvami i mezhdunarodnymi organizatsiyami [Creation of Network Alliances of the Russian Federation with Foreign States and International Organizations]. – Moscow Journal of International Law. No. 2. P. 136–143. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.24833/0869-0049-2017-106-2-136-143.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
