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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2022-2-6-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-2685</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАВА ЧЕЛОВЕКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HUMAN RIGHTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Гендер» в международном праве прав человека: теория и практика</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“Gender” in International Human Rights Law: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0012-8795</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абашидзе</surname><given-names>А. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abashidze</surname><given-names>A. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аслан Хусейнович Абашидзе, доктор юридических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой международного права Юридического института</p><p>Миклухо-Маклая ул., д. 6, Москва, 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aslan Kh. Abashidze, Doctor of Juridical Sciences, Professor, Head of the International Law Department, Institute of Law</p><p>6, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abashidze.rudn@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-6917</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончаренко</surname><given-names>О. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharenko</surname><given-names>O. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Константиновна Гончаренко, начальник отдела сотрудничества с международными организациями</p><p>Смоленский бульвар, д. 19-2, Москва, 119121</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga K. Goncharenko, Head of International Multilateral Cooperation Division</p><p>19-2, Smolenskii Boulevard, Moscow, 119121</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">goncharenko_ok@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов (РУДН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN-University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Аппарат Уполномоченного по правам человека в Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Oﬃce of the High Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Абашидзе А.Х., Гончаренко О.К., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абашидзе А.Х., Гончаренко О.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abashidze A.K., Goncharenko O.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2685">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2685</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. В статье рассматривается институт защиты прав женщин на международном и национальном уровнях с учетом происходящих дискуссий вокруг термина «гендер». Авторы изучают дифференциацию понятий «пол» (sex), «гендер» (gender) и «гендерная идентичность» (gender identity), закрепленных в международно-правовых актах и документах, позиции государств и подходы к использованию этих понятий, в том числе на примере имплементации Конвенции Совета Европы о предотвращении и борьбе с насилием в отношении женщин и домашним насилием или так называемой Стамбульской конвенции.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. При проведении исследования использовались различные документы международно-правового характера, включая международные договоры, рекомендации договорных органов по правам человека системы ООН, доклады специальных докладчиков и международных экспертов, итоговые документы международных конференций, а также доктринальные источники и национальное законодательство зарубежных государств. Исследование выполнено с использованием общенаучных и специальных научных методов. В процессе анализа широко применялись методы правового моделирования и прогнозирования с целью определения перспектив возможных будущих исследований и развития международного права прав человека по вопросам защиты женщин от насилия и домашнего насилия.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Демонстрируя различные подходы к трактовке понятия «гендер» в деле защиты женщин от насилия и домашнего насилия, применимые международными организациями и государствами, авторы изучили факторы, влияющие на позицию национальных органов власти ряда стран при рассмотрении вопроса о присоединении и ратификации основных международно-правовых актов в этой области на примере Конвенции Совета Европы о противодействии и борьбе с насилием в отношении женщин и домашним насилием.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЯ И ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЯ И ВЫВОДЫ. Авторы пришли к выводу, что проблемы насилия в отношении женщин и домашнего насилия необходимо рассматривать через призму концепции гендерного равенства, которая не влечет устранения биологических различий между двумя полами и не побуждает женщин и мужчин менять свои социальные роли. В статье подчеркивается необходимость выработки согласованного на международно-договорном уровне определения понятия «гендер» с целью укрепления правовых и институциональных механизмов для более эффективного осуществления на практике противодействия насилию в отношении женщин и домашнему насилию.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. The institute for the protection of women both at international and national levels taking into account the ongoing discussions on the term “gender” is considered in the article. The authors examine the distinction between concepts “sex”, “gender” and “gender identity”, enshrined in international legal acts and documents, the States’ positions and approaches to their use, including on the example of the implementation of the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence, better known as the Istanbul Convention.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. During the research the authors used diﬀerent international legal documents, including international treaties, recommendations of the United Nations treaty bodies, reports of the special rapporteurs and international experts, outcome documents of international conferences, as well as doctrinal sources and national legislation of foreign countries. The study was carried out based on general scientiﬁc and special scientiﬁc methods. The methods of legal modeling and forecasting were widely used in the analysis in order to deﬁne prospects for possible future studies and development of international human rights law on the protection of women from violence and domestic violence.</p></sec><sec><title>RESEARCH RESULTS</title><p>RESEARCH RESULTS. Demonstrating diﬀerent approaches to understanding the term “gender” in protecting women from violence and domestic violence, implemented by international organizations and States, the authors examined factors that inﬂuence the position of national authorities of a number of countries when considering the possibility of accession or ratiﬁcation of the core international legal acts in this area on the example of the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence.</p><p>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION. The authors came into conclusion that the problems of violence against women and domestic violence should be viewed through the lens of gender equality concept, which does not entail the elimination of biological diﬀerences between two sexes and does not encourage women and men to change their social roles. The article stresses the need for an internationally agreed deﬁnition of the term “gender” in order to strengthen the legal and institutional mechanisms for a more efﬁcient practical implementation of measures to combat violence against women and domestic violence.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гендер</kwd><kwd>гендерное равенство</kwd><kwd>гендерная идентичность</kwd><kwd>Стамбульская конвенция</kwd><kwd>насилие в отношении женщин</kwd><kwd>домашнее насилие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Gender</kwd><kwd>gender equality</kwd><kwd>gender identity</kwd><kwd>Istanbul Convention</kwd><kwd>violence against women</kwd><kwd>domestic violence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alisievich E.S. 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