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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2022-1-52-64</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-2676</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАВО МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL SECURITY LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Договор о запрещении ядерного оружия: есть ли лучшая альтернатива?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons: Is There a Better Alternative?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1358-8336</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лысенко</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lysenko</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Николаевич Лысенко, кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры международного права</p><p>119454, Москва, проспект Вернадского, д. 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Mikhail N. Lysenko, Cand. Sci. (Law), Associate Professor at the Department of International Law</p><p>76, pr. Vernadskogo, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119454 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mikelys@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2198-3005</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остапова</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostapova</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Анастасия Дмитриевна Остапова, атташе Департамента по вопросам новых вызовов и угроз </p><p>119200,  Москва, СмоленскаяСенная пл., д. 32/34 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Anastasiya D. Ostapova, Attaché of the Department for New Challenges and Threats</p><p>32/34, Smolenskaya-Sennaya pl., Moscow,  119200 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostapova.a.d@my.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (Университет) МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) MFA Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ministry of Foreign Aﬀairs of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лысенко М.Н., Остапова А.Д., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лысенко М.Н., Остапова А.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lysenko M.N., Ostapova A.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2676">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2676</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Договор о запрещении ядерного оружия (ДЗЯО), вступивший в силу в январе 2021 года, расколол международное сообщество на его ярых сторонников и противников. Подавляющее большинство участников Договора – государства, не обладающие ни ядерным потенциалом, ни ядерной инфраструктурой, ни политическим весом в мировой ядерной повестке. Договор содержит массу правовых изъянов, не предусматривает контрольного механизма и даже сроков уничтожения ядерного оружия.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В основу исследования положены международные договоры в области ядерного нераспространения и разоружения, решения международных организаций, заявления официальных лиц, совместные документы лидеров государств, представителей ядерной «пятерки». Широко использованы научные труды российских и зарубежных исследователей в области права международной безопасности и ядерного права. Методологическую основу исследования составили общенаучные методы познания: системный подход, индукция и дедукция, логическое прогнозирование, и специальные методы – сравнительно-исторический и сравнительно-правовой.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. В статье исследована предыстория международных усилий по запрещению ядерного оружия, изложены подходы ведущих государств. В ходе проведенного анализа выявлены конкретные правовые недостатки ДЗЯО, подтверждающие, что Договор оказался, по сути, декларативным, юридически противоречи вым документом. Вместе с тем, объективно стоящие за ДЗЯО антиядерные настроения требуют понимания и учета. Необходима конструктивная альтернатива ДЗЯО.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ. Сопоставление подходов различных государств и мнений ученых позволяет сформулировать своего рода «дорожную карту» действий, которые стали бы реальным противовесом поспешным и юридически несостоятельным решениям по запрету ядерного оружия. В их числе движение по двум параллельным трекам. Первый – двусторонние российско-американские переговоры по контролю над ядерными вооружениями с учетом всех стратегических факторов. Второй – постепенное вовлечение в этот процесс других ядерных держав через неформальный консультативный механизм ядерной «пятерки». В статье предложены конкретные идеи по наполнению такого механизма мерами открытости, доверия и предсказуемости.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Te Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) which came into force in January 2021 divided the international society into two groups: its ardent supporters and opponents. Te vast majority of the parties to the Treaty are the states which have neither nuclear potential, nor political inﬂuence in the international nuclear agenda. In contrast, all the nuclear-weapon powers and almost all states with nuclear infrastructures refused to participate in the TPNW. Te Treaty contains an array of legal ﬂaws, does not require any verifcation mechanism or even time-frame for nuclear weapons destruction.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. Te study is based on the international treaties in the sphere of nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament, resolutions of international organizations, ofcial statements, and joint documents of the heads of states and of the fve nuclear-weapon states (P5). Materials used for the analysis include scholar works of Russian and foreign researches in the international security law and nuclear law. Te research is based on general methods of study such as systematic approach, induction and deduction, logical forecasting, and specifc methods including historical and legal comparative methods.</p></sec><sec><title>RESEARCH RESULTS</title><p>RESEARCH RESULTS. Te article starts with the history of international eﬀorts of nuclear weapons prohibition and approaches of leading powers. Specifc legal drawbacks inherent in the TPNW were exposed which proves that the Treaty is in fact a legally inconsistent document. At the same time antinuclear attitudes behind the Treaty should be understood and taken into consideration. Tere is a strong need for a constructive alternative to the TPNW.</p><p>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. By comparing the various states’ approaches and legal opinions, the authors come up with a “Road Map” of actions which could become a real counterweight to the hasty and ill-considered decisions to prohibit nuclear weapons. Among those actions is the movement along two parallel tracks. Te frst one is Russian-American talks on further nuclear arms reductions which should include all strategic factors. Te second one is a gradual involvement in the process of other nuclearweapon powers through informal mechanism of consultations of the P5. Te article prescribes how to fll this mechanism with measures of transparency, confdence building and predictability.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ДЗЯО</kwd><kwd>международная безопасность</kwd><kwd>ядерное оружие</kwd><kwd>ядерное разоружение</kwd><kwd>ядерное нераспространение</kwd><kwd>ядерная «пятерка»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</kwd><kwd>international security</kwd><kwd>nuclear weapons</kwd><kwd>nuclear disarmament</kwd><kwd>nuclear non-proliferation</kwd><kwd>P5</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Almela M. F.H. The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons: Is It Really Necessary?, – Instituto Español de Estudios Estrategicos. No. 2018. 104/2018. 18 p. 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