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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2022-1-27-37</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-2674</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ПРАВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ISSUES OF THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К вопросу о понятии международного обычая</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>To the Question of the Concept of International Custom</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9059-584X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ромашев</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romashev</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Юрий Сергеевич Ромашев, доктор юридических наук, профессор департамента международного права, факультет права </p><p>Мясницкая ул., д. 20, Москва, 101000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri S. Romashev, Doctor of Juridical Sciences, Professor, Professor at Department of International Law, Faculty of Law</p><p>20, ul. Myasnitskaya, Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">romashev-yus@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University “Higher School of Economics”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ромашев Ю.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ромашев Ю.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Romashev Y.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2674">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2674</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Международный обычай попрежнему остается одним из основных источников международного права. Он является внешней формой закрепления обычных норм международного права. Вместе с тем, несмотря на довольно широкое использование термина «международный обычай», в науке и практике еще не выработано его общее научное определение. В данном определении, на наш взгляд, должны найти отражение наиболее важные признаки, характеризующие это правовое явление.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Эмпирическую базу исследования составили международные договоры и международные обычаи, резолюции Генеральной Ассамблеи ООН, материалы Международного Суда ООН и Суда Евразийского экономического союза, Комиссии международного права, Ассоциации международного права. Теоретической основой статьи являются труды отечественных и зарубежных ученых в области права международных обычаев. Методологическую основу исследования составили общенаучные и частнонаучные методы познания (анализа и синтеза, дедукции и индукции, диалектический и сравнительно-правовой метод).</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Результаты проведенного исследования позволили прийти к новому научному определению международного обычая и обосновать подход к классификации международных обычаев. Под международным обычаем как источником международного права предлагается понимать неписаное соглашение, являющееся формой закрепления и существования обычных норм международного права, отражающих всеобщую практику государств, иных субъектов международного права (для локального международного обычая – практику ограниченного числа государств), признанную в качестве правовой нормы, регулируемое международным правом и обеспечиваемое принудительной силой субъектов международного права, для которых международный обычай является юридически обязательным. Международные обычаи имеют несколько разновидностей и их можно квалифицировать по различным основаниям. При этом надо учитывать, что в основе международного обычая лежат обычные нормы международного права. Их характер, как правило, предопределяет разновидности международных обычаев.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ. В основу рассуждений положены: принадлежность международного обычая к неписаному источнику международного права; необходимость раздельного использования термина «международный обычай» и термина «обычная норма международного права»; наличие согласительной природы международного обычая; учет юридической силы международного обычая в отношении различного состава субъектов правоотношений, обязательности международного обычая для связанных с его помощью государств; невозможность рассмотрения процесса формирования международных обычаев как источника международного права, его дальнейшего функционирования без учета особенностей содержащихся в нем норм; наличие двухэлементной структуры нормы, содержащейся в международном обычае; учет возможности регулирования международным правом порядка заключения, действия и прекращения действия международного обычая.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. International custom still remains one of the main sources of international law. It is an external form of consolidation of customary norms of international law. At the same time, despite the rather wide use of the term "international custom", its general scientifc defnition has not yet been developed in science and practice. Tis defnition, in our opinion, should reﬂect the most important features that characterize this legal phenomenon.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. Te empirical base of the study was international treaties and international customs, resolutions of the UN General Assembly, materials of the International Court of Justice and the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union, the International Law Commission, the International Law Association. Te theoretical basis of the article is the works of domestic and foreign scientists in the feld of the law of international customs. Te methodological basis of the study was general scientifc and particular scientifc methods of cognition (dialectical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, and comparative legal method).</p></sec><sec><title>RESEARCH RESULTS</title><p>RESEARCH RESULTS. Te results of the study made it possible to arrive at a new scientifc defnition of international custom and substantiate the approach to the classifcation of international customs. Under international custom, as a source of international law, it is proposed to understand an unwritten agreement, which is a form of consolidation and existence of customary norms of  international law, reﬂecting the general practice of states, other subjects of international law (for local international custom, the practice of a limited number of states), recognized as a legal norm, regulated by international law and enforced by the subjects of international law, for which international custom is legally binding. International customs are of various varieties and can be classifed on various grounds. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that international custom is based on the usual norms of international law. Teir nature, as a rule, predetermines the varieties of international customs.</p><p>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. It is proposed to put as the basis for the course of reasoning: the belonging of international custom to an unwritten source of international law; the need to separate the use of the term "international custom" and the term "customary rule of international law"; the presence of the conciliatory nature of international custom; taking into account the legal force of international custom in relation to the diﬀerent composition of the subjects of legal relations, the binding nature of international custom for the states associated with its assistance; the impossibility of considering the process of formation of international customs as a source of international law, its further functioning without taking into account the peculiarities of the norms contained in it; the presence of a two-element structure of the norm contained in international custom; taking into account the possibility of regulation by international law of the procedure for the conclusion, operation and termination of an international custom.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>международное право</kwd><kwd>международные отношения</kwd><kwd>источники международного права</kwd><kwd>обычные нормы международного права</kwd><kwd>международный обычай</kwd><kwd>международное обычное право</kwd><kwd>право международных обычаев</kwd><kwd>международная практика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>international law</kwd><kwd>international relations</kwd><kwd>sources of international law</kwd><kwd>customary norms of international law</kwd><kwd>international custom</kwd><kwd>customary international law</kwd><kwd>law of international customs</kwd><kwd>international practice</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александров Н.Г. 1946. 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