mgimolawМосковский журнал международного праваMoscow Journal of International Law0869-00492619-0893Moscow State Institute of International Relations10.24833/0869-0049-2022-1-6-26mgimolaw-2673Research ArticleВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ПРАВАISSUES OF THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL LAWПравовой статус принципа невмешательстваThe Legal Status of the Principle of Non-Interventionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7000-7190ГеррейроА.GuerreiroA.

Александр Геррейро, ассоциированный член Института политико-правовых наук, сотрудник Лиссабонского центра исследований в области публичного права, Юридический факультет

Лиссабон, 1649-014

Alexandre Guerreiro, Associate Member of the Institute of Political Legal Sciences, Collaborating Member of the Lisbon Centre for Research in Public Law, School of Law

Lisbon, 1649-014

atguerreiro@campus.ul.ptЛиссабонский университет Аламеда да УниверсидадПортугалияUniversity of Lisbon Alameda da UniversidadePortugal20220404202201626Copyright © Геррейро А., 20222022Геррейро А.Guerreiro A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/2673ВВЕДЕНИЕ

ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Создание Организации Объединенных Наций зафиксировало смену парадигмы, гарантируя, что одностороннее использование силы суверенными государствами не будет более представлять угрозу для человечества, как это было до 1945 г. Таким образом, новый мировой порядок в значительной степени способствовал выработке определенных принципов; с тех пор государства используют преимущества системы ООН для соблюдения принципа невмешательства. В настоящей статье предпринята попытка определить и критически исследовать эволюцию принципа невмешательства и проанализировать результаты на основе критериев Проектов выводов Комиссии международного права ООН 2019 г. об императивных нормах общего международного права (jus cogens), чтобы определить приобрело ли невмешательство статус нормы jus cogens.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Исследование начинается с определения элементов, составляющих принцип невмешательства в Уставе Организации Объединенных Наций, после чего следует описание критериев, установленных Комиссией международного права ООН для признания существования императивной нормы общего международного права. Далее проводится анализ существующей практики государств, постановлений Международного Суда, актуальных для рассматриваемого вопроса, а также комплексный анализ резолюций СБ ООН и ГА ООН, которые имеют решающее значение для классификации принципа невмешательства как императивной нормы общего международного права. Данное исследование основано на открытых источниках, международно- правовой доктрине и нормативных элементах.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Результаты исследования указывают на начало новой эры после окончания Второй мировой войны в результате глобального осознания человечеством угроз, связанных с унилатерализмом и абсолютным суверенитетом. Принцип невмешательства принят как часть обычного международного права. Деятельность в рамках ООН в последние почти восемь десятилетий, показывает, как государства формировали сферу действия этого принципа.

ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ

ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ И ВЫВОДЫ. Учитывая все усилия, приложенные государствами в попытках закрепить принцип невмешательства, при поддержке большинством человечества, такой принцип не только признается имеющим обычноправовой характер, но и влечет за собой конкретные права и обязанности для государств. В конце концов, исключительное значение, придаваемое принципу невмешательства, приводит нас к выводу, что из него вытекает запрещение вмешательства, соответствующее норме jus cogens.

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION. Te United Nations framework reflects the need for a paradigm shif in order to assure that the unilateral use of sovereign powers will no longer be a threat for the humankind like until 1945. Tus, the new world order highly contributed to the crystallisation of certain principles and since then States have been taking advantage of the UN system to consolidate and develop the principle of non-intervention. Tis paper seeks to identify and critically explore the evolution of intervention in the United Nations bodies since 1945 and subject the fndings to the criteria adopted by the ILC in its 2019 draf conclusions on peremptory norms of general international law (jus cogens) in order to determine if intervention has reached the status of jus cogens norm.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

MATERIALS AND METHODS. Tis work begins with the identifcation of the elements comprising the principle of non-intervention from the Charter of the United Nations followed by the description of the criteria established by the ILC to recognise the existence of a peremptory norm of general international law. Subsequently, will be developed an examination of the present State practice, the rulings of the ICJ more relevant for the matter in hand and this will be followed by a comprehensive analysis to the resolutions adopted by the UNSC and the UNGA which are decisive to determine in the end that the prohibition of non-intervention is a peremptory norm of international general law. Tis study is developed within the framework of international law and is based on open sources, as well as legal doctrine and normative elements.

RESEARCH RESULTS

RESEARCH RESULTS. Te result of the research brings the notion that the beginning of a new era afer the end of World War II came as a result of the global awareness of the dangers of unilateralism and absolute sovereignty for humankind. Te principle of nonintervention is accepted as part of customary international law and the activities taken in the framework of the UN over the last almost eight decades show how States wanted to shape the scope of this principle.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Considering all the efforts invested by States in the attempts to reach a notion of non-intervention supported by the majority of the humankind, such principle is not only recognised as having a customary nature, but it also entails concrete rights and duties for States. In theend, the singular importance given to the principle of non-intervention leads to the conclusion that from it derives a prohibition of intervention corresponding to a jus cogens norm.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.