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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgimolaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский журнал международного права</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Journal of International Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0049</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State Institute of International Relations</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24833/0869-0049-2018-2-23-41</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgimolaw-254</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАВА ЧЕЛОВЕКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HUMAN RIGHTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Становление института уполномоченного по правам человека (омбудсмана) в Республике Абхазия и в Российской Федерации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Formation of the Institution of the Commissioner for Human Rights (Ombudsman) in the Republic of Abkhazia and in the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7307-7058</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логинов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loginov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анатолий Викторович Логинов - аспирант кафедры теории, истории государства и права.</p><p>Республика Абхазия, Сухум, Университетская ул., д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly V. Loginov - postgraduate student, Department of Legal Theory and History.</p><p>1, Universitetskaya ul., Sukhum, Republic of Abkhazia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mr.loginof@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Абхазский государственный университет</institution><country>Грузия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Abkhazian State University</institution><country>Georgia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Логинов А.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Логинов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Loginov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/254">https://www.mjil.ru/jour/article/view/254</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Основной ценностью правовых демократических государств является защита прав и свобод человека и гражданина. Для данной цели государством формируются специализированные органы – суды, а также назначается специальное должностное лицо – Уполномоченный по правам человека (омбудсман). В данной статье рассматриваются теории возникновения института уполномоченного по правам человека. Сравнение процессов возникновения института уполномоченного по правам человека на территориях Республики Абхазия и Российской Федерации обусловлено, в первую очередь, близостью правовых систем обоих государств и обширным заимствованием Абхазией положений российских нормативно-правовых актов, опыта их правоприменения и опыта построения демократических органов государственной власти. Актуальность данного исследования обусловлена несколькими причинами. Во-первых, оно представляет ценность в сравнительно-правовом плане, в рамках изучения зарубежного опыта функционирования института уполномоченного по правам человека. Во-вторых, учитывая степень влияния российского опыта построения правового демократического государства на Абхазию, данное исследование интересно и в качестве некой ретроспективы, как взгляд на заимствование российского института уполномоченного по правам человека в условиях ограниченного финансирования. В-третьих, принимая во внимание тот факт, что 90% жителей Абхазии являются гражданами Российской Федерации, изучение проблем защиты их прав и свобод представляет большой интерес для российской правовой науки.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Методологическую основу исследования составили общенаучные (социологический, системный и др.) и специальные (сравнительно-правовой, формально-юридический, историко-правовой и др.) методы познания.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. В результате проведенного ретроспективного анализа становления института уполномоченного по правам человека на территории Российской Федерации и Республики Абхазия выявлено, что институт Уполномоченного по правам человека на территории Российской Федерации – это важный орган, призванный обеспечить защиту прав и свобод человека и гражданина (в первую очередь – от административного произвола); что институт Уполномоченного по правам человека на территории Республики Абхазия ранее носил лишь формально-декларативный характер, а после реформы, призванной повысить уровень защиты прав и свобод человека и гражданина, вовсе прекратил функционировать по ряду причин: нехватки материально-технического обеспечения, рабочего помещения и т.д. Фактическое отсутствие данного института в совокупности с рядом проблем судебной власти не позволяет в полной мере обеспечить защиту интересов, прав и свобод граждан Республики Абхазия. При этом, учитывая двойное гражданство данных граждан, вызывает нарекание бездеятельность российской власти в отношении защиты собственных граждан, постоянно проживающих за рубежом (на территории Абхазии).</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и выводы</title><p>Обсуждение и выводы. Проведенный анализ позволил выявить ряд причин, не позволивших учредить в Республике Абхазия институт Уполномоченного по правам человека, что негативно влияет на качество жизни проживающих в Абхазии (в том числе российских граждан). Выдвинут ряд предложений, призванных обеспечить уровень защищенности прав человека на территории Республики Абхазия.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The main value of legal democratic states is the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms. For this purpose, the state forms specialized bodies – courts, as well as a specialized body – the Human Rights Ombudsman (ombudsman). In this article, the theory of the institution of the Ombudsman for Human Rights is being considered. The study of the emergence of the institution of the human rights ombudsman in the territories of the Republic of Abkhazia and the Russian Federation is primarily due to the proximity of the legal systems of both states and the vast amount of Abkhazia's imposition as provisions of Russian regulatory legal acts, experience in their enforcement, as well as experience in building democratic state authorities. To consider this study as authentic is possible for a number of reasons: First, a comparative plan, in the study of foreign experience of the institution of the Commissioner for Human Rights. Second, given the degree of influence of the Russian experience of building a legal democratic state on Abkhazia, this study also presents some retrospective value in studying the Russian institution of the Ombudsman for Human Rights under conditions of limited funding. Third, taking into account the fact that 90% of the inhabitants of the Republic of Abkhazia are citizens of the Russian Federation – the study of the problems of protecting their rights and freedoms is of great interest for Russian legal science.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research was general scientific (sociological, systemic, etc.) and special (comparative legal, formal-legal, historical-legal etc.) methods of cognition.</p></sec><sec><title>Research results</title><p>Research results. As a result of the retrospective analysis of the establishment of the institution of the authorized person for human rights in the territory of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Abkhazia, it was revealed that the institution of the Commissioner for Human Rights on the territory of the Russian Federation is an important body called to ensure the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms (primarily from administrative arbitrariness); that the institution of the Ombudsman for Human Rights in the territory of the Republic of Abkhazia had previously been only formally declarative, and after the reform, designed to increase the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, was not able to function for any number of reasons: lack of material and technical support. Unfortunately, the lack of this institution, together with a number of problems of the judiciary, does not allow to fully protect the interests, rights and freedoms of citizens of the Republic of Abkhazia. At the same time, considering the dual citizenship of these citizens, a number of questions and the inactivity of the Russian authorities to protect the citizens living permanently abroad (in this territory) raise a number of questions.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Республика Абхазия (РА)</kwd><kwd>Российская Федерация</kwd><kwd>уполномоченный по правам человека</kwd><kwd>омбудсман</kwd><kwd>мухтасиб</kwd><kwd>права человека</kwd><kwd>ЕСПЧ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Republic of Abkhazia</kwd><kwd>Russian Federation</kwd><kwd>Human Rights Commissioner</kwd><kwd>Ombudsman</kwd><kwd>Mukhtasib</kwd><kwd>Human rights</kwd><kwd>ECHR</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Башимов М. 2007. Институт омбудсмана в странах СНГ и Балтии. – Российская юстиция. № 6. 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