The author of the article focuses on the outcomes of the Second Hague Conference of 1907 and offers an in-depth analysis of the respective documents adopted on this Conference. The author also analyses the results of the first Hague Conference in order to highlight and interpret the results of the second. The author arrives to the following conclusions about the international importance of the Hague Conferences: first they demonstrated political activity of Russia on the international arena; second they accumulated legal norms already existing but not codified and gave impetus for further development of the norms and ideas contained therein; ideas of the Conferences influenced the development of the concept of peaceful settlement of disputes, which was later on incorporated into the UN Charter; new notion of “victims of war” was introduced and deliberated; ideas of the Conferences had impact on the shaping and development of the concept of responsibility of states for breach of international legal norms; the legal status of combatants was elaborated and further developed; Conferences greatly influenced the development of science of international humanitarian law; results of the Conferences lead to the improvement and development of the provisions of internal legislation due to the implementation of international legal norms. In the conclusion the author states that the Conferences themselves and their respective results became possible due to the efforts of Fedor Fedorovich Martens, an outstanding scholar of international law, famous publicist, advisor to Russian tsars on international issues, professor and head of the Chair of St. Petersburg University.